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According to one of those often-quoted statistics that should be true but probably isn’t, the average number of people who read

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问题    According to one of those often-quoted statistics that should be true but probably isn’t, the average number of people who read a PhD thesis all the way through is 1.6. And that includes the author. More interesting might be the average number of PhD theses that the typical scientist has read from start to finish. Would it reach even that benchmark? 【F1】What we know for sure is that the reading material keeps on coming, with tens of thousands of new theses typed up each year.
   Completing a thesis represents a coming of age not just scientifically, but also educationally and personally. 【F2】It signals the passing of an intellectual milestone—from a student under the care of a supervisor to an individual who asks questions of their own. It marks the end of formal education, and graduation to a new phase in life. For many people, it also sees their departure from science altogether. 【F3】Often, the PhD years coincide with significant personal events, as we mature emotionally and meet friends, partners and colleagues who will stay with us for life. All this can also turn thesis-writing into a more significant event than merely the writing up of a (usually) minor piece of science.
   Still, it’s perhaps too easy to get sentimental over the thesis. For a start, the process has to keep up with the times. The PhD is already assessed in many different ways around the world and scientists should welcome ways to keep it relevant. 【F4】The goal of PhD assessment everywhere remains, rightly, to demonstrate that a student has conducted, and can communicate, independent, original research. But the way in which that’s achieved can and should be improved.
   For one thing, it doesn’t have to involve a vast printed volume. A lot of students could do themselves, their supervisors, their examiners and their wider audience a favor by keeping it crisp and short Postgraduate supervisors should stress this at the beginning. And it’s important to make the work in the thesis available to future researchers by publishing or sharing the data in some form. To contribute to the world beyond the author’s immediate circle, a PhD thesis should be read and used, and not just serve as a shelf ornament or doorstop.
   For those inspired to go back to their own thesis, and those who are examining a freshly written one, it’s best to be kind. 【F5】As long as the fundamentals are there—the question is interesting and the approach and analysis rigorous—it’s fair to forgive the typos and the research paths that turned out to be dead ends.
【F4】
选项
答案一直以来，博士学位审核的目的都是为了确保申请博士学位的人独立开展了自己的原创研究，并且能够顺畅地向他人描述解释这项研究。
解析 ①主句中的PhD assessment是指“评定、审查申请博士学位的人是否合格”，比如说国内的论文答辩。主句是一个主系表结构；为便于理解，the goal of…remains to…可以看作是the goal of…is…to，用remain而非is可强调一直以来都是这样。表语是不定式结构；demonstrate意为“表明”。②that在句中引导宾语从句。作demonstrate的宾语，该宾语从句包含并列的两个谓语has conducted和can communicate。宾语为independent and original research，即“独立的原创研究”。③conduct research是常用搭配，表示“开展研究”；communicate research在此是指向他人描述说明自己的研究。
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