首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The American Two-party System I. Introduction A. the oldest political【T1】______ around the world【T1】______ B. the classical exam
The American Two-party System I. Introduction A. the oldest political【T1】______ around the world【T1】______ B. the classical exam
admin
2017-03-07
44
问题
The American Two-party System
I. Introduction
A. the oldest political【T1】______ around the world【T1】______
B. the classical example of two-party system: the American political system
— the dominant parties: the Democratic and the【T2】______ parties【T2】______
— the two-party system survived all attempts to assaults
C. About dozen parties that nominate【T3】______【T3】______
D. Americans inevitably become one of the two parties because
— there is usually no other place to go
— most Americans know where they【T4】______ in the system【T4】______
II. Two-party system is so strongly【T5】______ because【T5】______
A The way【T6】______ are conducted: the Americans elect【T6】______
—【T7】______【T7】______
— about 800,000 of other【T8】______,【T8】______
— the congressman from single-member districts
B. Organization of the House of Representatives ensures that
— major party can maintain its【T9】______【T9】______
— major party is likely to win
III. The consequences of the system
A the【T10】______ production of majorities【T10】______
— the competition between two parties
— the【T11】______ of the victory of the winning party【T11】______
B. The peaceful【T12】______【T12】______
— the party in power can be overrun by the party out of power
— two-party system cannot be destroyed
— the【T13】______ can survive the defeat because of【T13】______
a)the possibility of mamtaining a【T14】______ of the opposition【T14】______
b)the attraction of the support of those opposed to the party in power
C. the tendency for the major parties to be【T15】______,【T15】______
e.g. business is conducted across party lines
D. The work of the government carried on despite of divided party control
【T6】
The American Two-party System
Good morning, everyone. Today I’d like to discuss with you the two-party system in America. Basically speaking, nowadays, no one now living in the United States can remember when the contest began between the Democratic and Republican parties. It has been going on for more than a century, making it one of the oldest political rivalries in the world.
The American political system is a classical example of the two-party system. When we say that we have a two-party system in the United States we do not mean that we have only two parties. Usually about dozen parties nominate presidential candidates. We call it a two-party system because we have two large parties and a number of small parties, and the large parties are so large that we often forget about the rest. Usually the small parties collectively poll less than 5 per cent of the vote cast in national elections.
The Democratic and Republican parties are the largest and most competitive organizations in the American community. They organize the electorate very simply by maintaining the two-party system. Americans almost inevitably become Democrats or Republicans because there is usually no other place for them to go. Moreover, because the rivalry of these parties is very old, most Americans know where they belong in the system. As a consequence of the dominance of the major parties, most elected officials are either Republicans or Democrats. Attempts to break up this old system have been made in every presidential election in the past one hundred years, but the system has survived all assaults.
When comes to this point, you may be wondering how does it happen that the two-party system is so strongly rooted in American politics? The explanation is probably to be found in the way elections are conducted. In the United States, unlike countries with a parliamentary system of government, we elect not only the President, but a large number of other officials, about 800,000 of them. We also elect congressmen from single-member districts. For example, we elect 435 members of the House of Representatives from 435 districts, one member for each district. Statistically, this kind of election favors the major parties. The system of elections makes it easy for the major parties to maintain their dominant position, because they are likely to win more than their share of the offices.
As it has been clearly showed that one of the great consequences of the system is that it produces majorities automatically. Because there are only two competitors in the running, it is almost inevitable that one will receive a majority. Moreover, the system tends slightly to exaggerate the victory of the winning party. This is not always true, but the strong tendency to produce majorities is built into the system.
In over 200 years of constitutional history, Americans have learned much about the way in which the system can be managed so as to make possible the peaceful transfer of power from one party to the other. At the level of presidential elections, the party in power has been overturned by the party out of power nineteen times, almost once a decade. In the election of 1860, the political system broke down, and the Civil War, the worst disaster in American history, resulted. Our history justifies our confidence in the system but also shows that it is not foolproof.
The second major party is able to survive a defeat because the statistical tendency that exaggerates the victory of the winning party operates even more strongly in favor of the second party a-gainst the third, fourth, and fifth parties. As a result, the defeated major party is able to maintain a monopoly of the opposition. The advantage of the second party over the third is so great that it is the only party that is likely to be able to overturn the party in power. It is able, therefore, to attract the support of everyone seriously opposed to the party in power. The second party is important as long as it can monopolize the movement to overthrow the party in power, because it is certain to come into power sooner or later.
Another consequence of the two-party system is that whereas minor parties are likely to identify themselves with special interests or special programs and thus take extreme positions, the major parties are so large that they tend to be moderate. Evidence of the moderation of the major parties is that much business is conducted across party lines. What happens when the Democrats control one house of Congress and the Republicans control the other? About the same volume of legislation is passed as when one party controls both houses, although some important legislation is likely to be blocked temporarily. It is possible to carry on the work of the government even when party control is divided because party differences are not fundamental.
Finally, to sum up the lecture today. As we know that it is not an easy job to fully understand the two-party system in the United States of America. Therefore, I hope this lecture will at least give a gist of the history of the two-party system and how it works as one of the most complete political systems in the world.
选项
答案
elections
解析
在谈到为什么会出现两党制时,讲座谈到,可能是由于选举方式。空格处缺少的是elections一词。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/fFFYFFFM
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Sincethedawnofe-mail,usingsarcasmindigitalcommunicationhascreatedstrifeandconfusionbetweenfriends,colleaguesan
WheneverIspeaktoeducatorsandinterestedlaypeopleaboutneuroplasticity—theabilityoftheadultbraintochangeinfunctio
LatelyDreamWorksSKGhasbeenawanderingtribe.Thewould-bestudio,whichmadefilmssuchasAmericanBeautyandWaroftheW
Kolb’sLearningStylesPsychologistDavidKolbpresentedhistheoryoflearningstylesin1984.I.Afour-stagecycleoflea
InterculturalLearningManyteachersmaywonder"WhatamIactuallydoing?"sometimes.Itdoesn’tseemenoughtoteachgram
Russiaputoffitsmannedspacecraftmissionbecause
Despitethefactthattodayvirusesareknowntocausecancerinanimalsandincertainplants,whereexistsagreatreluctance
Thelastdancewasawaltz.LuketookMeggie’shandandputhisarmaboutherwaist,drewheragainsthim.Hewasanexcellentd
我已是一个中年的人。一到中年,就有许多不愉快的现象,眼睛昏花了,记忆力减退了,头发开始秃脱而且变白了,意兴,体力,什么都不如年青的时候,常不禁会感觉到难以名言的寂寞的情味。尤其觉得难堪的是知友的逐渐减少和疏远,缺乏交际上的温暖的慰藉。不消说,相识
ThetransformationofjournalisminIndia—theworld’slargestdemocracyandoneofitsfastestgrowingeconomies—hasimplicati
随机试题
划线基准应与什么基准一致?
TheFirstSettersinNorthAmericaItisverydifficulttosayjustwhencolonizationbegan.ThefirsthundredyearsafterC
患者,男,40岁。职员,颈项部疼痛半天。晨起时突觉颈部板滞疼痛不适,右侧旋转活动和俯仰困难,查体:颈项部肌肉紧张,右斜方肌痉挛,明显压痛。颈部各项试验无神经压迫症状,X射线片检查见颈椎生理弧度变直。该患者可初步诊断为
A.抑制异常运动模式B.进行正常运动模式的诱导C.诱发和强化运动功能D.诱发和强化所希望的固定运动模式E.缓解肌张力康复治疗迟缓型小儿脑瘫首选治疗方法是
女孩,6岁,诊断为“肾病综合征”,因水肿、尿少,膝反射减弱,心音低钝,心电图出现U波,治疗中需及时补充
我国传统建筑开间从中间到两侧依次叫什么?
某综合利用水利枢纽工程位于我国西北某省,枯水期流量很少;坝型为土石坝,黏土心墙防渗;坝址处河道较窄,岸坡平缓。工程中的某分部工程包括坝基开挖、坝基防渗及坝体填筑,该分部工程验收结论为“本分部工程划分为60个单元工程,其中合格24个,优良36个。主
某旅游团队在前往旅游景点的途中,不幸发生车祸,造成经济损失90万元人民币,属特大事故。()
旅行社有下列情形之一的,由旅游行政管理部门或者工商行政管理部门责令改正,没收违法所得,违法所得10万元以上的,并处违法所得1倍以上5倍以下的罚款;违法所得不足10万元或者没有违法所得的,并处10万元以上50万元以下的罚款()。
考生文件夹下存在一个数据库文件“samp3.aeedb”,里面已经设计好表对象“tStudent”和“tGrade”,同时还设计出窗体对象“fGrade”和“fStudent”。请在此基础上按照以下要求补充“fStudent”窗体的设计:将名称为“子对
最新回复
(
0
)