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  3. Parenthood isn’t a career-killer. In fact, economists with two or more kids tend to produce more research, not less, than their

Parenthood isn’t a career-killer. In fact, economists with two or more kids tend to produce more research, not less, than their

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问题     Parenthood isn’t a career-killer. In fact, economists with two or more kids tend to produce more research, not less, than their one-child or childless colleagues. But female economists【C1】______can pay a price in terms of productivity after becoming mothers, especially【C2】______they’re young or unmarried.
    That’ s according to a new research from the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. There is widespread【C3】______that motherhood is【C4】______costly in terms of professional career advancement. "In particular, it is often【C5】______that the only way for young women to【C6】______ a challenging career is to remain childless," they wrote. Our study of the academic labor market arrives at a somewhat less【C7】______ picture: We do not observe a family gap in research productivity among female academic economists. 【C8】______, motherhood-induced decreases in research productivity are less pronounced than usually purported.
    The authors in early 2012【C9】______about 10, 000 economists through the Research Papers in Economics online platform, 【C10】______the academics’ answers with their publication records. They gauged an economist’ s productivity【C11】______looking at their output: published research, weighted by journal 【C12】______. Among their findings:
    Mothers of at least two children are, 【C13】______ , more productive than mothers of only one child, and mothers in general are more【C14】______than childless women. Fathers of 【C15】______two children are also more productive than fathers of one child and childless men. Toward the end of their careers, however, childless men appear to be somewhat more productive than fathers of one child.
    Parenthood does appear linked to【C16】______productivity while the children are 12 and younger: mothers average a 17.4% loss, while fathers average a 5% loss. A female economist with three children, on average, 【C17】______ the equivalent of four years of research【C18】______by the time her kids become teenagers. Women who are married or in a【C19】______ relationship do not have any drop in research productivity in the three years following childbirth. For single mothers, research output drops by roughly a third【C20】______the same period.
【C13】
选项 A、for example
B、on average
C、in principle
D、above all
答案B
解析 考查短语辨析。通过分析句子结构，可知此处Mothers of at least two children are，_____，more productive than mothers of only one child并不缺少句子成分，句意为“至少拥有两个孩子的母亲_____比只有一个孩子的母亲工作效率更高”。B．on average“平均起来”符合题意，为正确答案。for example“例如，拿…来说”，符合句法结构，但是通过上下文可知，此处没有举例的意思，故排除。in principle“从原则上来说”，above all“最重要的是”，均不符合题意。
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