2. 外语
  3. Every year television stations receive hundreds of complaints about the loudness of advertisements. However, federal rules forb

Every year television stations receive hundreds of complaints about the loudness of advertisements. However, federal rules forb

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问题     Every year television stations receive hundreds of complaints about
the loudness of advertisements. However, federal rules forbid the
practice of making ads loud than the programming. In addition,【S1】________
television stations always operate at the highest sound level allowing for【S2】________
reasons of efficiency. According to one NBC executive, no difference
exists in the peak sound level of ads and programming. Given this
information, why do commercials sound so loud?
    The sensation of sound involves variety of factors in addition to its【S3】________
peak level. Advertisers are skilful at create the impression of loudness【S4】________
through their expert use of such factors. One major contributor of the【S5】________
perceived loudness of commercials is that much less variation in sound
level occur during a commercial. In regular programming the intensity of【S6】________
sound varies over a large range. However, sound levels in commercials
tend to stay at or near peak levels.
    Another "tricks of the trade" are also used. Because low-frequency【S7】________
sounds can mask higher-frequency sounds, advertisers filter out any
noises in that may drown out the primary message. In addition, the【S8】________
human voice has more auditory impact in the middle-frequency ranges.
Advertisers electronically vary voice sounds so that they stay within such
a frequency band. Another approach is to write the script in which lots
of consonants are used, because people are most aware of consonants【S9】________
than vowel sounds. Finally, advertisers try to begin commercials with
sounds that are highly different from that of the programming within【S10】________
which the commercial is buried. Because people become adapted to the
type of sounds coming from programming, a dramatic change in sound
quality draws viewers’ attention. For example, notice how many
commercials begin with a cheerful song of some type.
【S10】
选项
答案第二个that—those
解析 代词误用。此处意为“广告商尽量使用与植入广告的节目很不一样的声音”，此处代词指代前面出现的sounds，应该用复数指示代词those。
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