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  3. While we’ve known for some time about the many long-term benefits of exercise, new research shows aerobic exercise also may have

While we’ve known for some time about the many long-term benefits of exercise, new research shows aerobic exercise also may have

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问题     While we’ve known for some time about the many long-term benefits of exercise, new research shows aerobic exercise also may have considerable effects on aging and brain health in the short term.
    A new study says exercise can help older adults improve their memory and overall cognitive health as they【C1】________. Researchers at the Center for Brain Health studied a group of 37 adults ages 57 to 75【C2】________inactive lifestyles. They were【C3】________two groups, one control group and one physically active group. The fitness group spent one hour a day, three times a week, either bicycling or jogging【C4】________the course of 12 weeks.
    Each participant was【C5】________before, after and halfway through the study on their overall brain【C6】________and the fitness level of heart and blood vessel. At all three checkpoints, the group that was physically active was found to have higher blood flow in the brain and also improved memory. Researchers【C7】________this to increased blood flow in certain regions of the brain concerning memory.
    "Science has shown that aging【C8】________mental efficiency and memory decline is the number one cognitive【C9】________of older adults," lead author Sandra Bond Chapman said in a statement. "This research shows the【C10】________ benefit of aerobic exercise on a person’s memory and demonstrates that aerobic exercise can reduce both the biological and cognitive【C11】________of aging."
    There are hundreds of benefits of exercise at any age【C12】________, for older adults, the affects are especially astonishing. Another study in 2006 showed that exercise not only improved brain performance but【C13】________increased brain volume in older adults.
    Researchers say the best part about the【C14】________findings is that aerobic exercise is low-cost and accessible to anyone,【C15】________is packed with benefits. Exercise can help lower blood pressure, help【C16】________your hormone levels, and even shorten hot flashes.
    But to【C17】________maximum benefits from an exercise regime, Chapman says it’s important to also get plenty of mental stimulation. "To think we can【C18】________and improve the basic structure of the【C19】________brain through aerobic exercise and complex thinking should【C20】________us to challenge our thinking and get moving at any age," Chapman said.
【C4】
选项 A、before
B、after
C、by
D、over
答案D
解析 由句法结构可推测本题需填入介词与表示时间段的the course of 12 weeks构成的短语作为本句的时间状语，over the course of“在……期间”，选D项over，A项before“在……之前”，B项after“在……之后”，这两项不符合语义逻辑。C项by“不迟于，到……时为止”，不能与the course of搭配。
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