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  3. People’s financial history has a strong impact on their taste for risk. Looking at surveys of American household【C1】______from 1

People’s financial history has a strong impact on their taste for risk. Looking at surveys of American household【C1】______from 1

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问题     People’s financial history has a strong impact on their taste for risk. Looking at surveys of American household【C1】______from 1960 to 2007, Ulrike Malmendier of the University of California at Berkeley and his cooperator found that people who【C2】______high returns on the stock market【C3】______in life were, years later, likelier to report a higher tolerance for risk, to own shares and to invest a bigger slice of their【C4】______in shares.
    But【C5】______to economic turmoil appears to suppress people’s appetite for risk【C6】______of their personal financial losses. That is the【C7】______of a paper by Samuli Knupfer of London Business School and two co-authors. In the early 1990s a severe recession caused Finland’s GDP to【C8】______by 10% and unemployment to【C9】______from 3% to 16%. Using detailed data on tax, unemployment and military conscription (draft), the authors were able to【C10】______the investment choices of those【C11】______by Finland’s "Great Depression". Controlling for age, education, gender and【C12】______status, they found that those in occupations, industries and regions hit harder by unemployment were【C13】______likely to own stocks a decade later. Individuals’ personal misfortunes, however, could explain at most half of the【C14】______in stock ownership, the authors reckon. They【C15】______the remainder to "changes in beliefs and preferences" that are not easily measured.
    This seems【C16】______with a growing body of research that links a low tolerance of risk to 【C17】______emotional trauma (a severe shock). Studies have found, for example, that natural【C18】______such as the tsunami (a large destructive wave) that hit South-East Asia in 2004 and military【C19】______such as the Korean war can render their victims more【C20】______for years.
【C3】
选项 A、later
B、sooner
C、lowlier
D、earlier
答案D
解析 本句是在解释人们的财政历史对于是否愿意冒风险的具体影响。空格后说到多年后人们更可能去购买股票，对应于这个years later，可知这里要表达人们早前在股市中的状况，故选D项earlier“早前”。
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