2. 考研
  3. Our bodies are wonderfully skillful at maintaining balance. When the temperature jumps, we sweat to cool down. When our blood pr

Our bodies are wonderfully skillful at maintaining balance. When the temperature jumps, we sweat to cool down. When our blood pr

admin2005-06-26  62
问题     Our bodies are wonderfully skillful at maintaining balance. When the temperature jumps, we sweat to cool down. When our blood pressure falls, our hearts pound to compensate. As it turns out, though, our natural state is not a steady one. Researchers are finding that everything from blood pressure to brain function varies rhythmically with the cycles of sun, moon and seasons. And their insights are yielding new strategies for keeping away such common killers as heart disease and cancer. Only one doctor in 20 has a good knowledge of the growing field of "chronotherapeutics"(历史治疗术), the strategic use of time(chronos)in medicine. But according to a new American Medical Association poll, three out of four are eager to change that. "The field is exploding," says Michael Smolensky, "Doctors used to look at us like ’ What spaceship did you guys get off?’ Now they’re thirsty to know more. "
    In medical school, most doctors learn that people with chronic conditions should take their medicine at steady rates. "It’s a terrible way to treat disease," says Dr. Richard Martin. For example, asthmatics(气喘患者)are most likely to suffer during the night. Yet most patients strive to keep a constant level of medicine in their blood day and night, whether by breathing in on an inhaler(吸入器)four times a day or taking a pill each morning and evening. In recent studies, researchers have found that a large mid-afternoon dose of a bronchodilator(支气管扩张剂)can be as safe as several small doses, and better for preventing nighttime attacks.
    If the night belongs to asthma, the dawn belongs to high blood pressure and heart disease. Heart attacks are twice as common at 9 a. m. as at 11 p. m. Part of the reason is that our blood pressure falls predictably at night, then peaks as we start to work for the day. "Doctors know that", says Dr. Henry Black of Chicago’s Medical Center, "but until now, we haven’t been able to do anything about it. " Most blood-pressure drugs provide 18 to 20 hours of relief. But because they’re taken in the morning, they’re least effective when most needed. "You take your pill at 7 and it’s working by 9," says Dr. William White of the University of Connecticut Health Center, "but by that time you’ve gone through the worst four hours of the day with no protection. " Bedtime dosing would prevent that lapse, but it would also push blood pressure to dangerously low levels during the night.
According to the passage, how do human bodies maintain balance?
选项 A、They adjust themselves timely in line with their physical conditions.
B、People increase or lower the body temperature by sweating.
C、People’s hearts pound to compensate when the blood pressure goes up.
D、Both B and C.
答案A
解析 文章第一段中指出“Our bodies are wonderfully skillful at maintaining balance．When the temperature jumps，we sweat to cool down．When our blood pressure falls，our hearts pound to compensate．”可见，我们的身体具有自我调节功能，A项符合文章的意思，自身可以根据身体的状况及时地调整自己。出汗只是降低体温而没说能提高体温，所以B项不对。血压下降时，心脏才会加快跳动以补充血液，所以C项也不对。所以本题的正确答案为A。
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