2. 外语
  3. In the United States in the early 1800’s, individual state governments had more effect on the economy than did the federal gover

In the United States in the early 1800’s, individual state governments had more effect on the economy than did the federal gover

admin2012-07-17  10
问题     In the United States in the early 1800’s, individual state governments had more effect on the economy than did the federal government. States chartered (批准,发执照) manufacturing, banking, mining, and transportation firms and participated in the construction of various internal improvements such as canals, turnpikes (收税公路) , and railroads. The states encouraged internal improvements in two distinct ways: first, by actually establishing state companies to build such improvements; second, by providing part of the capital for mixed public-private companies setting out to make a profit.
    In the early nineteenth century, state governments also engaged in a surprisingly large amount of direct regulatory activity, including extensive licensing and inspection programs. Licensing targets reflected both similarities in and differences between the economy of the nineteenth century and that of today: in the nineteenth century, state regulation through licensing fell especially on peddlers, innkeepers, and retail merchants of various kinds. The perishable (易坏的) commodities of trade generally came under state inspection, and such important frontier staples as lumber and gunpowder were also subject to state control. Finally, state governments experimented with direct labor and business regulation designed to help the individual laborer or consumer, including setting maximum limits on hours of work and restrictions on price-fixing by businesses.
    Although the states dominated economic activity during this period, the federal government was not inactive. Its goals were the facilitation (方便条件) of western settlement and the development of native industries. Toward these ends the federal government pursued several courses of action. It established a national bank to stabilize banking activities in the country and, in part, to provide a supply of relatively easy money to the frontier, where it was greatly needed for settlement. It permitted access to public western lands on increasingly easy terms, culminating (到达极点) in the Homestead Act of 1862, by which title the land could be claimed on the basis of residence alone. Finally, it set up a system of tariffs (关税) that was basically protectionist in effect, although maneuvering for position by various regional interests produced frequent changes in tariff rates throughout the nineteenth century.
It can be inferred from the first paragraph that in the nineteenth century canals and railroads were______.
选项 A、built with money that came from the federal government
B、much more expensive to build than they had been previously
C、built predominantly in the western part of the country
D、sometimes built in part by state companies
答案D
解析 本题是一道具体细节题。问从第一段我们可以推断出在19世纪时运河和铁路是怎样修建的。利用查阅式阅读法，根据文章第一段，州政府通过两种不同的方式来鼓励州内发展。首先，切实采用建立州属公司来取得州内发展；其次，通过提供部分资金给公私合营的公司来获得利益，因此我们可以推断出19世纪的运河与铁路的修建有时部分是由州属公司来进行的。所以，本题的正确答案应是D。
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