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  3. Help Yourself through the Hard Times Everyone, at some point, will suffer a loss—the loss of loved ones, good health, or a j

Help Yourself through the Hard Times Everyone, at some point, will suffer a loss—the loss of loved ones, good health, or a j

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问题                 Help Yourself through the Hard Times
    Everyone, at some point, will suffer a loss—the loss of loved ones, good health, or a job. "It’s your ’desert experience’—a time of feeling barren of options, even hope," explains Patrick Del Zoppo, a psychologist and bereavement (丧失) specialist with the Archdiocese of New York. "The important thing is not to allow yourself to be trapped in the desert. "
    So, can we actually do things to help ourselves through bad times? As I discovered, you can take charge of your own cure.  Here’s how:
    Let yourself grieve
    Counselors agree that a period of grieving is critical. "There’s no shame in this," says Del Zoppo. "Tears aren’t a sign that you’re simply feeling sorry for yourself but are an expression of sadness or emotion that must find an outlet."
    And it doesn’t matter if the grieving takes a while to surface, as long as it finally finds expression. Consider the case of Donna Kelb. One spring day her 16-year-old son, Cliff, Jr., and 15-year-old son, Jimmy, were sanding their boat. Suddenly Donna heard a scream. Rushing outside, she found her two sons lying on the ground near the boat.
    Jimmy had gone into the water and returned dripping wet. When he picked up the sanding machine, he was electrocuted (电死). Cliff, knocked to the ground by the current when he tried to grab the tool, recovered.
    Donna was so numbed by this tragedy that she didn’t cry for weeks—not even at the funeral. Then back at work one day, she began to feel dizzy. "Finally I went home, locked myself in my room and just wailed," she says. "It seemed this great weight was being lifted from my shoulders."
    What Kelb experienced after her tragic loss was what Del Zoppo calls a "first-line defense that shields the consciousness from some extremely unpleasant reality. " Kelb couldn’t begin healing until nature had allowed her time to sort out her tragedy.
    Understand your anger
    "Anger is natural," says Del Zoppo, "but it can be released in a wholesome way. " Properly understood, it can serve your recovery.
    Candace Bracken’s future seemed full of promise. The 25-year-old airline service coordinator had a new baby and a new job. Then one way, she began bleeding uncontrollably. Acute leukemia (白血病) was diagnosed, and Bracken was given two weeks to live. After the initial shock, she felt angry. "I had taken care of myself, lived a straight and wonderful life," says Bracken. "Things like this weren’t supposed to happen to people like me. "
    She became dizzy and confused at the thought of her approaching death, and withdrew. "I just give up," she says. Then a doctor told her she needed to arrange for someone to care for her daughter. "How dare you tell me to find someone else to raise my child?" Bracken snapped. At that moment, she realized that she had strong reasons to fight for her life. Her anger now sparked her. It helped see her through a suffering, but ultimately successful, bone-marrow transplant.
    Face the challenge
    Another obstacle on the road to health after a significant loss can be denial. Instead of facing what has happened to them, says Dr. Michael Aronoff, psychiatrist and a spokesperson for the American Psychiatric Association, many people "try to fill up that empty feeling looking for an escape". The man who rarely touched a drink will begin hitting the bottle. A woman who watched her weight will overeat. Others—like me—try literally to "run away".
    After working for bosses all his life, John Jankowski had always longed to have his own options and stock- trading firm. He finally got the start-up money and did well. Then came a decline in business, and before long Jankowski was in serious financial trouble.
    "It was like my whole life had been shattered," he says. With financial resources exhausted and the pressure of a family to support, Jankowski’s thoughts turned to escape.
    One morning, while on a run, he just kept going. After jogging westward for two hours, he staggered back . home. "It finally dawned on me that I couldn’t run away from my troubles. The only thing that made sense was to face up to my situation," he says. "Admitting failure was the toughest part—but I had to before I could get on with my life."
    Get out and do
    "After a few weeks, I urge people recovering from loss to get back into a routine," says psychiatrist and Boston University professor Bessel A. van der Kolk. "It’s important to force yourself to concentrate on things other than your hurt." Consider these activities:
    Join a support group. Once you’ve made the decision to "get on with life," you’ll need someone to talk to— and the most effective kind of conversation can be with someone else who has undergone an ordeal
    Keep a journal. Many find comfort in creating an ongoing record of their experiences. At best it can serve as a kind of self-therapy.
    Make a plan. The idea that there are things to look forward to will reinforce that you are forging ahead into a fresh future. Schedule that trip you’ve been postponing.
    Learn new skills. Take up a new hobby or sport. You have a new life ahead; a new skill will complement it.
    Reward yourself. During highly stressful times, even the simplest daily chores—getting up, showering, or fixing meals—can seem discouraging. Consider every accomplishment, no matter how small, a victory to be rewarded.
    Do exercises. Physical activity can be especially therapeutic. Therese Gump felt confused and aimless after her 21-year-old son committed suicide. A friend talked her into taking a jazzercise class. "It was just mindless stretching and bouncing to music," Gump says, "but it made me feel better physically, and when you feel better physically you feel better mentally."
    "Exercise gets you out of your head and your troubles," Aronoff explains, "and it allows you to experience your body with your two feet on the ground."
    Get outside yourself
    "Many people who survive deeply distressing situations eventually find the need to take meaningful action," says Dr. van der Kolk. "They may start organizations, write books, work for awareness. Along the way they discover that a powerful way to help themselves lies in helping others. "
    You don’t have to suddenly become an organizer to reach out to others.  Irene Roberts, a 68-year-old medical secretary, underwent grueling chemotherapy for ovarian and breast cancer. Throughout the experience, love from her family and friends, as well as prayers, helped Roberts maintain her humor and positive outlook.
    Doctors and staff were touched by Roberts’s optimism, and when she’d ask how they were feeling, they would respond. "I’d just lie there and listen," she says with a twinkle in her eye, "never letting on that they were helping me more than I was helping them. The truth is that thinking of others rather than spending a lot of time thinking about myself played a huge role in my full recovery."
    Be patient with yourself
    People often ask, "When will this terrible pain stop?" Experts resist being pinned down to time frames. "Roughly, it’s a minimum of six months before you even start to feel better," says Anorak. "And it can be as long as a year, possibly two. A lot depends on disposition, the support within your environment, and if you get help and work on it. "
    So, be easy on yourself. Recognize that you’ll need time, and that your own pace of recovery may not fit with that of others. Congratulate yourself at each step through grief: I’m still here, I’ve made it this far!
    Sailing is a slow business. I made it to Florida in five weeks. In attempting to "run away," I’d embarked on a trip that gave me a structure, a daily outdoor routine requiring physical exertion, and plenty of time. I was still hurting, but by the time I anchored in Miami, I was ready to try again. At what, I wasn’t sure.
    "Why not get back to writing—to what you were trained for?" said my dad. He was right. And here I am now, writing to you. It feels good to be back.
Facing the question when people’s pain will stop, experts think that recovery depends on ______
选项
答案disposition，and the support within your environment
解析 根据题干关键词pain，stop，experts定位到原文Be patient with yourself下第一段，文中提到，专家认为，对于恢复创伤没有时间框架，大多取决于这些因素：depends on disposition, the support within your environment.由此可知答案为：disposition and the support within your environment。解题关键词是depends on。
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