首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Ask someone to name a famous psychologist, and chances are they will pick Sigmund Freud, the bearded Austrian academic who came
Ask someone to name a famous psychologist, and chances are they will pick Sigmund Freud, the bearded Austrian academic who came
admin
2013-09-16
34
问题
Ask someone to name a famous psychologist, and chances are they will pick Sigmund Freud, the bearded Austrian academic who came up with the idea of psychoanalysis.【F1】
His ideas about the unconscious—a sort of shadowy basement of the mind that is inaccessible to rational thought, but which nevertheless influences people’s behaviour—are part of popular folklore.
Although it remained popular at dinner parties, the idea of the unconscious fell out of favour among 20th-century psychologists, thanks to the rise of more scientific approaches to psychology. These focused purely on studying behaviour and refrained from theorising about the inner workings of the mind.
In his latest book, Subliminal, Leonard Mlodinow, a theoretical physicist who has been developing a nice sideline in popular science writing, shows how the idea of the unconscious has become respectahle again over the past couple of decades.【F2】
This development has been helped by rigorous experimental evidence of the effects of the subconscious and, especially, by real-time brain-scanning technology that allows researchers to examine what is going on in their subjects’ heads.
【F3】
That experimental evidence suggests that, as Freud suspected, conscious reasoning makes up a comparatively small part of the activity in our brains, with most of the work taking place where we can’t tap into it.
However, unlike Freud’s unconscious(a hot place full of repressed memories and inappropriate sexual fantasies about one’s parents)the modern unconscious is a place of super-fast data processing, useful survival mechanisms and rules of thumb about the world that have been developed by millions of years of evolution.
The modern view of the unconscious mind may be more benign than Freud’s, but it can still generate unwelcome impulses.【F4】
Psychologists theorise that the well-documented tendency of humans to categorise almost every piece of information they come across is a survival mechanism that evolved to aid quick decision making.
Yet it may also lie behind the tendency for human beings to group people into races, genders, creeds and the like, and then to apply certain characteristics—unjustifiably—to every member of that group.
The insights offered by modern science into the workings of the human mind are fascinating in their own right. But they also suggest that plenty of conventional wisdom about how humans behave may need rethinking.【F5】
Mr Mlodinow notes that economic models, for instance, are built "on the assumption that people make decisions.. . by consciously weighing the relevant factors", whereas the psychological research suggests that, most of the time, they do no such thing.
Instead, they act on the basis of simple, unconscious rules that can sometimes produce completely irrational results. There is good news in the book; people informed of the biases and pitfalls of their unconscious brains are better at using their conscious minds to overrule them.
【F3】
选项
答案
实验证实了弗洛伊德的猜测,有意识的推理只是大脑活动中相对较小的一部分,而大部分的活动则发生于我们无法探求的领域。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/c5YRFFFM
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Baghdad,Iraq—If,intime,theattempttoimplantapro-Western,democraticpoliticalsysteminIraqendsupburiedinthedeser
Illiteracymaybeconsideredmoreasanabstractconceptthanacondition.WhenafamousEnglishwriterusedthe(1)_____overt
Illiteracymaybeconsideredmoreasanabstractconceptthanacondition.WhenafamousEnglishwriterusedthe(1)_____overt
Illiteracymaybeconsideredmoreasanabstractconceptthanacondition.WhenafamousEnglishwriterusedthe(1)_____overt
Studythepictureabovecarefullyandwriteanessayentitled"Cars:ShouldWeLoveThemorHateThem?"Intheessay,youshould
Whiletheviruscanspreadthroughtheairwhenacold-sufferercoughs,surprisingly,thisisnotthemostcommonrouteoftrans
Inthissection,youareaskedtowriteanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthechar
Theincreaseinglobaltrademeansthatinternationalcompaniescannotaffordtomakecostlyadvertisingmistakesiftheywantt
Loveisprobablythebestantidepressantthereisbecauseoneofthemostcommonsourcesofdepressionisfeelingunloved.Most
InAugust,environmentalistsinthePhilippinesvandalizedafieldofGoldenRice,anexperimentalgrainwhosegeneshadbeenmo
随机试题
医院内感染发生在
女,18岁。低热、腹痛、腹泻伴腹胀2个月。体查:腹壁揉面感,腹部移动性浊音阳性。腹水为渗出液。为明确诊断,下列哪项检查最有价值
环境标准体系中的()是确认环境是否已被污染的根据。
商业银行如果将保留的准备金维持在法定的()存款准备金水平上,则会使存款派生能力达到最大限度。
某高层建筑的地下配电室采用预制灭火系统,安装数量不宜大于()台,必须同时启动,动作响应时间不得大于()s。
关于刑事现场保护的下列说法中,错误的是()。
中国电影发展了百年之久,能够横行天下的,还是只有武侠片这一个类型。武侠片之所以能够__________,不断求变正是其生命力所在。可以说,武侠电影自诞生时起就一直在变化。通过一次次变化,武侠电影获得了一次次的__________。依次填入画横线部分最恰当的
下列四个词语中符合“平平仄仄”特征的是()。
VOD服务器应部署在位置(16),Web服务器应部署在位置(17),流量监控服务器应部署在位置(18)。上述服务器中,流出流量最大的是(19),流入流量最大的是(20)。
Mathematicalabilityandmusicalabilitymaynotseemonthesurfacetobeconnected,butpeoplewhohaveresearchedthesubject
最新回复
(
0
)