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  3. "Fight-or-flight" behavior has long been considered the typical way we respond to stress. But psychologists at the University of

"Fight-or-flight" behavior has long been considered the typical way we respond to stress. But psychologists at the University of

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问题     "Fight-or-flight" behavior has long been considered the typical way we respond to stress. But psychologists at the University of California, Los Angeles say that women have more in their stress-response arsenal than just aggression or escape.
    According to research led by Dr. Shelley E. Taylor and Dr. Laura C. Klein(now at Pennsylvania State University), females under "attack" are less likely to fight or flee and more apt to attempt to protect their children and seek help from others, particularly other females. The researchers call this pattern of behavior "tend-and-befriend," and they suggest an evolutionary explanation for the difference.
    The UCLA scientists analyzed hundreds of biological and behavioral studies of both animals and humans. For example, they looked at research showing that crowding heightens stress among male rats but tends to calm female rats. One study found that fathers often wanted to be left alone when they got home from work. And if they had been under stress during the day, they were more likely to incite conflict in the family. Women who held jobs outside the home, however, were more likely to cope with a tough day at work by concentrating on their children.
    The authors believe that hormones are one reason for the difference, especially sex hormones and the pituitary hormone oxytocin. Oxytocin, which induces relaxation and lowers anxiety, is produced at a high level in nursing mothers. It’s also released in response to stress by both males and females—but its effects are enhanced by female hormones and reduced by male hormones. In contrast, the fight-or-flight response activates the nervous system and causes the secretion of the stress hormones adrenaline and Cortisol. Both sexes release these hormones under stress, but men also release testosterone, which tends to increase hostility and aggression.
    Because female aggression is less closely linked to nervous system arousal, the authors suggest, it’s more easily moderated by learning and culture, although they don’t deny that women’s social networks can also produce stress and conflict. Nor are they saying that men cannot tend and befriend under stress—only that they do so less easily and less often.
    Taylor and her colleagues think the tend-and-befriend response has been ignored largely because researchers studying stress have concentrated until recently only on men. The UCLA scientists are now conducting studies on oxytocin and stress.
Which of the following is true according to the text?
选项 A、Experts ignored the tend-and-befriend response because they didn’t have a scientific explanation.
B、Men’s social networks are more likely to induce stress and confrontation.
C、Men cannot tend and befriend as they don’t release certain kind of hormones.
D、The connection between female aggression and nervous system arousal is not that obvious.
答案D
解析 属信息归纳题。选项A属于无中生有，文章最后一段第一句讲到，这种照顾与帮助的压力应对方式之所以被忽略，是因为长期以来研究重点都在男性身上，故错误。选项B属于曲解文意，第五段第一句中作者提到女性的社交网络也会产生矛盾和压力，并未说比男性的少，故错误。选项C同样是曲解文意，第五段第二句提到，男性不是不能，而是不易做到照顾和帮助这种压力应对方式，故错误。选项D的内容可在第五段第一句开头找到答案，故符合题意。
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