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  3. The poorer countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America seek to reduce the disparity in wealth between themselves and the Europe

The poorer countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America seek to reduce the disparity in wealth between themselves and the Europe

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问题    The poorer countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America seek to reduce the disparity in wealth between themselves and the European and North American countries. Because the extent to which economic growth can be built on agriculture is limited, the leaders of virtually every developing state encourage the construction of new industries. Industrial development not only could raise the value of exports — which these countries need to generate the funds to buy other products- but also could supply local people with goods that are currently obtained from imports. If Western countries built their wealth on industrial modernization, why cannot other countries do it?
In some respects, developing countries face industrial problems that are similar to the past experiences of today’s relatively developed countries. In a similar way, the countries in the contemporary world must overcome two obstacles.
   First, as in the past, today’s newly industrializing countries are relatively distant from the main markets—the wealthy consumers in the relatively developed countries. In the early nineteenth century, factories in the United States and central Europe were far from England, then the world’s most important concentration of wealthy consumers. In the twentieth century, the major concentrations of wealthy consumers are in North America and Western Europe, distant  from the developing countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America. To minimize the obstacle of geographic isolation, countries that wish to develop their industries must invest scarce resources in constructing and subsidizing transportation facilities.
   Second, as in the past, today’s developing countries lack support services critical for industrial development, including adequate transportation and communications systems and domestic sources of equipment, tools, and machines needed to build and operate new factories. Developing countries also lack universities capable of training the large, number of factory managers, accountants, and other experts needed for industrial development. Support services are obtained either by importing advisers and materials from other countries or by borrowing money to develop domestic sources.
   Countries currently industrializing also face a new obstacle. Traditionally, newly established factories in Europe, then North America, and more recently Asia have depended to some degree on selling products in countries that lacked competing industries. But currently there are few untapped foreign markets to exploit.  New industries therefore must either sell primarily to consumers inside the country or take away customers from existing businesses in other countries. Frequently, the domestic market is too small and poor to support large-scale industrial development.
Which of the following does NOT pertain to the "support services" mentioned in the passage?
选项 A、Telecommunications systems.
B、Universities for training business administrators.
C、Sources of industrial tools.
D、Reservoir of labor force.
答案D
解析
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