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  3. The age at which kids first fall victim to bullying(欺侮)could influence how strongly they are affected, suggests a new study. And

The age at which kids first fall victim to bullying(欺侮)could influence how strongly they are affected, suggests a new study. And

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问题     The age at which kids first fall victim to bullying(欺侮)could influence how strongly they are affected, suggests a new study. And, surprisingly, it is not the youngest kids who are hurt the most in the long term. Bullying can have long-lasting effects, but particularly when it begins in adolescence(青春期), the researchers say.
    People subjected to either oral or physical bullying are known to be at greater risk for developing depression, anxiety disorders or to behave violently. But not everyone reacts in this way. Children bullied for the first time before they hit adolescence seem to get over it, but those who are victimised for the first time late on in adolescence seem to become more aggressive or are more likely to turn to drink as a means of coping. These are the conclusions of psychologist Matthew Newman and colleagues from the University of Texas at Austin, US.
    The team gave questionnaires to nearly 1500 college students regarding their experience of physical and psychological bullying before adolescence—before high school—and in late adolescence—at high school. They assessed mood and mental state, judging by signs of anxiety or depression, such as sleeplessness. The group was also questioned about how they would react to certain challenges, such as being embarrassed or provoked.
    People who were bullied all revealed slightly higher levels of stress. But while those bullied earlier in life seemed to respond normally to provocation, people bullied for the first time late in adolescence are more withdrawn and sensitive to violence.
    The best solution was strong social support, whether from friends, family or school. Those with no one to share their problems with suffered the most.
    So perhaps it is best not to shelter children completely from bullying early on, suggests Newman. "They may get stressed, but unhealthy coping really jumps out when they are bullied for the first time later on." The effects are likely to be related to the developing stress hormone system, which matures during adolescence, he concludes. Studies show abnormal stress responses in adult animals that experience social stress or aggression from other animals during adolescence.  
The 1500 college students involved in the study were asked how they would deal with ______.
选项 A、sleeplessness
B、depression and anxiety
C、embarrassment and provocation
D、mood and mental state
答案C
解析 第3段最后一句提到受测试的学生会被问到他们如何应对挑战，这些挑战包括遭遇尴尬和受到挑衅等情况。题干中的deal with是对原文该句中的react to的近义改写，而C是对being embarrassed or provoked的同义改写，很明显，该选项为本题答案。
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