首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
21. Every time you try to answer a question that asks why, you engage in the process of causal analysis--you attempt to determin
21. Every time you try to answer a question that asks why, you engage in the process of causal analysis--you attempt to determin
admin
2013-01-22
35
问题
21.
Every time you try to answer a question that asks why, you engage in the process of causal analysis--you attempt to determine a cause or series of causes for a particular effect. When you try to answer a question that what if, you attempt to determine what effect will result from a particular cause. You will have frequent opportunity to use cause- and-effect analysis in the writing that you will do in college.
For example, in history you might be asked to determine the causes of the Seven Day War between Egypt and Israel. In political science you might be asked to determine the reasons why Ronald Reagan won the 1984 Presidential election. And in sociology you might be asked to predict the effect that changes in Social Security legislation would have on senior citizens.
22.
Determining causes and effects is usually thought-provoking and quite complex. One reason for this is that there are two types of causes: immediate causes, which are readily apparent because they are closest to the effect, and ultimate cause, which, being somewhat removed, are not so apparent and perhaps even hidden. Furthermore, ultimate causes may bring about effects which themselves become immediate causes, this creating a causal chain.
For example, consider the following causal chain. Sally, a computer salesperson, prepared extensively for a meeting with an important client (ultimate cause), impressed the client (immediate cause), and made a very large sale (effect). The chain did not stop there: The large sale cause her to be promoted by her employer (effect).
A second reason why causal analysis can be so complex is that an effect may have any number of possible or actual causes, and a cause may have any number of possible or actual effects. 23.
An upset stomach may be caused by eating spoiled food, but it may also be caused by overeating, flu, allergy, nervousness, pregnancy, or any combination of factors. Similarly, the high cost of electricity may have multiple effects: higher profits for utility companies, fewer sales of electrical appliances, higher prices for other products, and the development of alternative sources of energy. Sound reasoning and logic are central to any causal analysis.
Writers of believable causal analysis examine their material objectively and develop their essays carefully. They are convinced by their own examination of the material, but are not afraid to admit other possible causes and effects.
Because people are accustomed to thinking of causes with their effects, they sometimes commit an error in logic known as the "after this, therefore because of this" fallacy. 24.
This fallacy leads people to believe that because one event occurred after another event, the first event somehow caused the second. That is, they sometimes make causal connection that are not proved. For example, if students began to perform better after a free breakfast program was instituted at their school, one could not assume that the improvement was caused by the breakfast program. There could of course be any number of other causes for this effect, and a responsible writer on the subject would analyze and consider them all before suggesting the cause.
选项
答案
每当你试图回答一个问及“为什么”的问题时,你就是在进行因果分析了。也就是说,你正在努力寻找决定某个结果的某个原因或一系列原因。而每当你试图回答一个问及“如果……将……”的问题时,你就正在努力寻求决定某个原因将要导致的结果。在大学的写作中你总有机会运用因果分析。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/YM8YFFFM
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Anyearthquakethattakesplaceinanyareaiscertainlyregardedasakindofa_____event.
_____isthequestionofusingexistingresourcestoproduceoriginalandbeneficialsolutions,ideasorproducts.
Whenhewassofaroutthathecouldlookbacknotonlyonthelittlebaybutpastthestretchofrockthatwasbetweenitandt
Duringaninternationalcrisis,many____messageswillgenerallyemanatefromthepresident’soffice.
____initialrecognitionwhilestillquiteyoung.
A、travelingB、stayingC、wanderingD、recliningD四个选项的意思是:A项traveling“旅游,移动”;B项staying“停留,停靠”;C项wandering“游荡,徘徊”;D项reclining“斜倚,倚靠
Tounderstandthemarketingconcept,itisonlynecessarytounderstandthedifferencebetweenmarketingandselling.Nottooma
Inhislecture,theeducationexpertemphasizedthefactthatnowadayschildrenareexposedtomanyinfluences_____thatoftheir
Tounderstandthemarketingconcept,itisonlynecessarytounderstandthedifferencebetweenmarketingandselling.Nottooma
Green-spacefacilitiesarecontributingtoanimportantextenttothequalityoftheurbanenvironment.Fortunatelyitisnolon
随机试题
同一三相对称负载,接成星形或者三角形时,其总功率的关系是()。
梅尼埃病发作期,病人除有眩晕、耳鸣、耳闷胀感等症状外,常伴有短暂性意识障碍。()
A.杏苏散B.桑杏汤C.清燥救肺汤D.麦门冬汤E.平胃散头痛身热,干咳无痰,气逆而喘,咽喉干燥,口渴鼻燥,胸膈满闷,舌干少苔,脉虚大而数者用方剂()
A.学生卫生知识的及格率B.学生月病假率C.学校教室采光的卫生标准D.学校家长对学校的满意度E.学校各类人员间的人际关系适用于学校卫生服务评价指标的是
A.稽留热B.弛张热C.间歇热D.不规则热E.波浪热疟疾可出现()
出境的交通工具和人员,必须在离开的工厂处接受检疫。( )
下列关于法律的含义的说法,正确的是()
TheoutbreakofswinefluthatwasfirstdetectedinMexicowasdeclaredaglobalepidemiconJune11,2009.Itisthefirstwo
容器Panel和Applet默认使用的布局编辑策略是()。
NextdoortoalunchcounteradvertisingagrilledcheesespecialisagallerywhereVanGogh’s"Irises"sharesthewallswithM
最新回复
(
0
)