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  3. Reasons for International Trade Foreign trade, the exchange of goods between nations, takes place for many reasons. Every na

Reasons for International Trade Foreign trade, the exchange of goods between nations, takes place for many reasons. Every na

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问题                  Reasons for International Trade
    Foreign trade, the exchange of goods between nations, takes place for many reasons. Every nation wants the opportunity to export its goods and services to other countries. A foreign outlet for sales enables a manufacturer or distributor to increase the volume of his business activity, thus increasing his chance to make a profit and increasing employment opportunities. Every nation also wants the opportunity and privilege of buying from foreign countries products and services that are scarce or unavailable at home that would be useful and beneficial to its people.
    Trading with other countries is not the same as trading within one’s own country. At home a company or a bank is familiar with its own people, laws, and business practices. At abroad the picture becomes a complex one. Each country is different and therefore is said to carry different risks. Political risks, for example, relate to such varied factors as treaties, war, import quotas, and foreign exchange restrictions.
    In today’s complex economic world, neither individuals nor nations are self-sufficient. Nations have utilised different economic resources. People have developed different skills. This is the foundation of world trade and economic activity. So countries that do not have the resources within their own boundaries must buy from countries that export them.
    Foreign trade also occurs because a country often does not have enough of a particular item to meet its needs. As far as the United States is concerned, it enjoys the most favourable position and has vast coal and oil reserves, but the United States is also a heavy consumer of nature resources, and it is increasingly reliant on certain imports, especially on oil. It consumes more than it can produce at home.
    If one nation can sell some items at a lower cost, the other countries would buy them. Japan. a highly industrialised nation, has been able to export large quantities of automobiles because it can produce them efficiently than other countries. It is cheaper for some Western countries to buy these from Japan than to produce them domestically. Japan should produce and export those items from which it gets a comparative advantage. It should also buy and import what it needs from those countries that have a comparative advantage in the desired items.
    At last, innovation or style or quality plays the most important role in the foreign trade. For example, the United States produces more automobiles than any other countries; it still imports large quantities of autos from Japan, primarily because there is a market for them in the United States. In conclusion, developing international trade is a country’s long-term strategy. For most nations, exports and imports are the most important international activity. With this activity, nations can develop their economy.
Why does the picture abroad become a complex one according to the author?
选项 A、Because each country is different
B、Because foreign countries’ laws, people and business practices are different from those of one’s own country, and if businessmen from home do not know them, they will meet a lot of trouble
C、Because businessmen from home do not understand foreign countries’ people, laws and business practices
D、Because people in foreign countries do not understand the picture due to different culture background
答案B
解析 题目意为：“为什么说国外的情况就更加复杂了?”文中第二段指出对外贸易与国内的贸易大不相同。在国内，公司对于本国的政策法规以及人文背景都比较熟悉。这句话就暗示了如果国内的公司不懂国外的相关法规，不了解他们的文化背景，在贸易的过程中就会遇到很多困难，因此，国际贸易比国内贸易更加复杂。A、C、D项虽然也正确，但没有完整地回答该问题，因此正确答案为B。
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