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  3. According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge.

According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge.

admin2010-06-30  44
问题      According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. 【61】Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. 【62】 "In short," a leader of the new school contends, "the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions."
     【63】Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modem school that hails technology argues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, and Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to and derived great benefit from, crafty information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.
     The centerpiece of the argument of a technology--yes, genius--no advocate was an analysis of Galileo’s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an astronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system of the sky put the earth at the center of all heavenly motions. 【64】 Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heaven to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth. But the real hero of the story, according to the new school of scientists, was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eye-glasses. 【65】 Whether the Governments should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.
【65】
这是一个复合句，Whether引导的主语从句是句子的主语，which引导的宾语从句作介词of的宾语。句中的at the expense of意为“以……为代价”。若译成“以技术为代价”，具体代价是指什么仍不明确。这里的at the expense of technology与前面的increase the financing of pure science相对应，特别是后面又紧跟着or vice versa(反之)，反之的意思就是以纯科学为代价来增加科技经费的投入)，所以“以……为代价”就是“减少对……经费投入”的意思。另外， the issue of which is seen as the driving force中的the issue of，直译为“问题”，这里是省译，信息不但不缺损，而且行文简洁。
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答案政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的投入，还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量。
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