2. 外语
  3. Human beings, born with a drive to explore and experiment, thrive on learning. Unfortunately, corporations are oriented predomin

Human beings, born with a drive to explore and experiment, thrive on learning. Unfortunately, corporations are oriented predomin

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问题 Human beings, born with a drive to explore and experiment, thrive on learning. Unfortunately, corporations are oriented predominantly toward controlling employees, not fostering their learning. Ironically, this orientation creates the very conditions that predestine employees to mediocre performances. Over time, superior performance requires superior learning, because long-term corporate survival depends on continually exploring new business and organizational opportunities that can create new sources of growth.
To survive in the future, corporations must become "learning organizations," enterprises that are constantly able to adapt and expand their capabilities. To accomplish this, corporations must change how they view employees. The traditional view that a single charismatic leader should set the corporation’s direction and make key decisions is rooted in an individualistic worldview. In an increasingly interdependent world, such a view is no longer viable. In learning organizations, thinking and acting are integrated at all job levels. Corporate leadership is shared, and leaders become designers, teachers, and stewards, roles requiring new skills: the ability to build shared vision, to reveal and challenge prevailing mental models, and to foster broader, more integrated patterns of thinking. In short, leaders in learning organizations are responsible for building organizations in which employees are continually learning new skills and expanding their capabilities to shape their future.
According to the author of the passage, corporate leaders of the future should do which of the following?
选项 A、They should encourage employees to put long-term goals ahead of short-term profits.
B、They should exercise more control over employees in order to constrain production costs.
C、They should redefine incentives for employees’ performance improvement.
D、They should provide employees with opportunities to gain new skills and expand their capabilities.
E、They should promote individual managers who are committed to established company policies.
答案D
解析 Supporting idea
This question focuses on what the author recommends in the passage for future corporate leaders. In the second paragraph, the author states that, among other things, corporate leaders need to be teachers to provide challenges to their employees and create an atmosphere where employees are continually learning new skills and expanding their capabilities to shape their future
A The passage does not directly discuss the issue of corporate goals and profitability in the long or short term.
B The passage does not address the topic of production costs, and it suggests that its author would favor reducing, rather than increasing, corporate leaders’ control over employees. The first paragraph states that leaders who attempt to control employees lead those employees to perform in mediocre fashion.
C The passage does not discuss incentivizing employees’ performance; rather, employees’ performance will improve, the passage suggests, under different corporate leadership.
D Correct. The final sentence of the passage states directly that leaders must build organizations in which employees can learn new skills and expand their capabilities.
E The first paragraph indicates that clinging to established company policies is a strategy for the future that is likely to be unproductive.
The correct answer is D.
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