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So many people say they struggle with names, even when they’re looking directly at the person whose name they’re trying to recal

admin2019-09-15  0
问题    So many people say they struggle with names, even when they’re looking directly at the person whose name they’re trying to recall. Why does this happen? Why can we recognize someone’s face but not their name? We need to delve a bit deeper into how human memory works to grasp what’s really going on.
   Firstly, faces are very informative. Expressions, eye contact, mouth movements, these are all fundamental ways humans communicate. Facial features also reveal a lot about a person: eye color, hair color, bone structure, teeth arrangement; all things that can be used to recognize a person. 【R1】__________
   Compared to all this, what does someone’s name have to offer? Potentially some clues as to their background or cultural origin, but in general it’s just a couple of words, a sequence of arbitrary syllables, a brief series of noises that you’re informed belong to a specific face.
   As it turns out, for a random piece of conscious information to go from short-term memory to long-term memory, it usually has to be repeated and rehearsed. 【R2】__________ If you meet someone and they’re the most beautiful person you’ve ever seen and you fall instantly in love, you’d be whispering the object of your affection’s name to yourself for weeks.
   【R3】__________
   The trouble is, this approach takes time and uses mental resources. This means that something you’re thinking about can be easily overwritten or replaced by the next thing you encounter and have to process. When you first meet someone, it’s extremely rare for them to tell you their name and nothing else. You’re invariably going to be involved in a conversation about where you’re from, what you do for work, hobbies, that sort of thing.
   One difference between short- and long-term memory is that they both have different overall preferences for the type of information they process. Short-term memory is largely aural, focusing on processing information in the form of words and specific sounds. 【R4】__________
   In contrast to this, the long-term memory also relies heavily on vision and semantic qualities (the meaning of words, rather than the sounds that form them). 【R5】__________
   Overall, faces are more memorable than names because they’re more "tangible," whereas remembering someone’s name is more likely to require full recall than simple recognition.
   [A] The brain has many strategies for making the most of short-term memory, and one of these is that if you are provided with a lot of details in one go, the brain’s memory systems tend to emphasize the first thing you hear and the last thing you hear.
   [B] This is why you have an internal monologue, and think using sentences and language, rather than a series of images like a film. Someone’s name is an example of aural information; you hear the words, and think of it in terms of the sounds that form them.
   [C] This is because your memory associates the name you hear with the person you’re interacting with, so a connection is formed in your brain between person and name.
   [D] This doesn’t usually happen when you meet someone, so if you wish to learn someone’s name, the only guaranteed way to remember it is to rehearse it while it’s still in your short-term memory.
   [E] So much so that the human brain has seemingly evolved several features to aid and enhance facial recognition and processing, such as pattern recognition and a general predisposition to pick out faces in random images.
   [F] So a rich visual stimulus, like, say, someone’s face, is more likely to be remembered long term than some random aural stimulus, like an unfamiliar name.
   [G] However, you can sometimes skip this step, particularly if the information is attached to something deeply important or stimulating, meaning an episodic memory is formed.
【R1】
选项
答案E
解析 第二段首句为中心句，指出人脸可以传达很丰富的信息(very informative)。接下来的两句(即空格前内容)对中心句进行展述，通过列举多项面部特征来证明面部信息的丰富性，并指出这些特征正是帮助我们识别某一个人的信息。空格后是第三段，主要讲名字所能提供的信息。从第三段开头的Compared to all this可知，空格处应该还是有关于人脸以及人脸信息识别的论述。E提到人脑有识别和处理脸孔信息的能力，且开头的So much顺承空格前的Facial features also reveal a lot．．．，也与第二段开头的informative相呼应。正因为人脸信息如此丰富，大脑才会在进化过程中不断发展出识别人脸、处理面部信息的能力。空格前的内容可以推导出E项的结论，故本题选E。
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