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  3. What is the difference between Joe Six-Pack, Joe the Plumber and Joe Biden? One is vice president; the other two are not. Why? T

What is the difference between Joe Six-Pack, Joe the Plumber and Joe Biden? One is vice president; the other two are not. Why? T

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问题     What is the difference between Joe Six-Pack, Joe the Plumber and Joe Biden? One is vice president; the other two are not. Why? The answer depends on a host of interactive variables that must be factored into any equation of success: genes, parents, brothers and sisters, peers, teachers, practice, drive, culture, timing, legacy and luck. The rub for the scientist is determining the percentage of influence of each variable and its interactions, which requires sophisticated statistical models.
    Journalists, who are unrestricted by research terms, very quickly produce large quantities of self-help books that focus on select variables that interest them. Few do so better than Malcolm Gladwell, and in his book Outliers: The Story of Success, the New Yorker writer claims that successful people are not "self-made" but instead "are invariably the beneficiaries of hidden advantages and extraordinary opportunities and cultural legacies that allow them to learn and work hard and make sense of the world in ways others cannot."
    Bill Gates, for example, may be smart, but Gladwell prefers to emphasize the fact that Gates’s wealthy parents sent him to a private school that had a computer club with a teletype time-sharing terminal with a direct link to a mainframe computer in Seattle, and in 1968 this was very unusual. His good fortune to be born in the mid-1950s also meant that Gates came of age when the computer industry was ready to have someone of his experience start a software company.
    Similarly, Gladwell says, Mozart’s father was a composer who mentored the young Wolfgang into greatness from age six until his early 20s, when his compositions changed from pleasantly melodious into masterful. The Beatles’ lucky break came in Hamburg, Germany, where they were able to log in more than 1,200 live performances and thereby meet the well-known 10,000-hour rule for perfecting a profession. Asian wonder children are the product of "the tradition of wet-rice agriculture" that must be practiced year-round and that requires "the highest emphasis on effort and hard work," and that’s why they study all summer while American students go to the mall.
    Such geniuses, Gladwell says, "are products of history and community, of opportunity and legacy. Their success is not exceptional or mysterious. It is grounded in a web of advantages and inheritances, some deserved, some not, some earned, some just plain lucky but all critical to making them who they are."
According to Paragraph 2, Gladwell believes that ________.
选项 A、journalists abide by research result accurately
B、many external factors contribute to success
C、journalists are interested in self-help books
D、people succeed through their own efforts
答案B
解析 根据题干中的Gladwell可定位到第二段第二句。该句首先提到Malcolm Gladwell，句子后半部分的the New Yorker writer是其代名词. 文中的claims对应题目的believes，表示Gladwell相信成功人士并不是“仅靠自身努力而取得成功的”(self-made)，而是隐性优势、非凡机遇和文化传承的受益者，B项“许多外在因素促成成功”与原文的意思相符，故为答案。A项中的journalists出现在第二段第一句，该句讲的是research terms，而非research result：，且abide by“遵守”和文中的unrestricted“不受限制”意思相反，而且也不是格拉德威尔的观点。C项中的interested in是对第二段第一句末尾的that interest，them的错误理解，文中的that引导定语从句，修饰前面的名词variables，意思是“记者感兴趣的变量”，而非C项中提到的self-help books“自助图书”。D项中的own efforts和该段第二句中的not self-made意思正好相反，因而也不能选D项。
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