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  3. Parents who consider their kids to be " more special than other children" and feel that they "deserve something extra in life" m

Parents who consider their kids to be " more special than other children" and feel that they "deserve something extra in life" m

admin2015-07-05  33
问题     Parents who consider their kids to be " more special than other children" and feel that they "deserve something extra in life" may now be characterized not only as annoying, but also as responsible for bringing one more self-important narcissist into society.
    New research out of the Netherlands published Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that children who were overvalued by their parents scored higher on tests to identify narcissism (自恋) than their peers.
    " Children believe it when their parents tell them that they are more special than others. That may not be good for them or for society," Brad Bushman, co-author of the study and an Ohio State University professor, said in a statement.
    Eddie Brummelman, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands and another author on the study, noted that parents often think telling children how special they are compared with their peers will boost their self-confidence. But narcissism is not just a more extreme form of self-confidence: people with high-esteem do not think they’re better than others. According to his research, the more narcissistic children did not necessarily express more self-confidence. "Rather than raising self-esteem, overvaluing practices may inadvertently raise levels of narcissism," Brummelman said.
    Over two years, the team evaluated 565 children in the Netherlands who were between the ages of 7 and 11 years old when the study began. They asked parents how much they agreed with statements like, " My child is a great example for other children to follow," and whether or not they believed their children would have knowledge of various historical and cultural figures and topics, like " Neil Armstrong. " Eventually, the researchers began including entirely fictional figures and topics, " Queen Alberta. " The parents raising little narcissists would often fall for it. " Overvaluing parents tended to claim that their child had knowledge of many different topics—even these nonexistent ones," Brummelman said.
    While parental "overvaluing" was associated with narcissistic offspring, parental warmth was not. Children of parents who expressed warmth by telling their children they loved them, but who did not engage in "overvaluing" behavior, were more likely to agree with statements that suggested they were " happy with themselves as a person and liked the kind of person they were. " In short, parental warmth appears to be closely linked to self-confident kids, not narcissistic kids. The researchers conclude that expressing warmth is key to promoting healthy self-confidence in children.
    Bushman, who is a father of three children, said his research has made him rethink his own parenting style. " When I first started doing this research in the 1990s, I used to think my children should be treated like they were extra-special. I’m careful not to do that now," he said.
Which of the following statements is true about narcissism?
选项 A、It could be closely related to high-esteem.
B、It is a special form to show confidence.
C、It may be cultivated by parental overvaluing.
D、It is an extreme way of feeling better.
答案C
解析 事实细节题。定位句指出，过高评价不仅不能提高自尊，还可能在不经意间提高自恋的程度，可见，过高评价会滋生自恋意识，因此答案为C)。A)“自恋与高度自尊密切相关”，第四段第二句的后半句指出，自尊的人并不认为他们比别人更好，而盲目地认定自己优于他人正是自恋的表现，可见，自恋与自尊并无必然关联，故可排除A)；B)“自恋是显示信心的一种特殊形式”，作者在第四段第二句明确指出，自恋并非只是自信的更极端的形式，并在该段倒数第二句提到，自恋的孩子也并不一定表现出更强的自信心，故可以排除B)；D)“自恋是自我感觉良好的一种极端方式”，该句曲解了原文的意思，自恋的孩子是将自己与别人比较，感觉优于别人，并非是自我感觉良好，故可排除。
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