首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Creative Destruction of Higher Education A)Higher education is one of the great successes of the welfare country. What was once
Creative Destruction of Higher Education A)Higher education is one of the great successes of the welfare country. What was once
admin
2015-07-13
23
问题
Creative Destruction of Higher Education
A)Higher education is one of the great successes of the welfare country. What was once the privilege of a few has become a middle-class entitlement, thanks mainly to government support. Some 3. 5 million Americans and 5 million Europeans will graduate this summer. In the modern world universities are developing rapidly: China has added nearly 30 million places in 20 years. Yet the business has changed little since Aristotle taught at the Athenian Lyceum(雅典学园): young students still gather at a specific time and place to listen to the wisdom of scholars.
B)At present, a revolution has begun, thanks to three forces: rising costs, changing demand and new technology. The result will be the complete change of the university. While the prices of cars, computers and much else have greatly fallen, universities have been able to charge ever more for the same service because they are protected by public funding and the high value employers place on degrees. For two decades the cost of going to college in America has risen by 1.6 percentage points more than inflation every year.
C)For most students, the university remains a great deal. The total lifetime income from obtaining a college degree, in net-present-value(净现值)terms, can increase as much as $590,000. But an increasing number of students have gone deep into debt, especially the 47% in America and 28% in Britain who do not complete their course. As for them, the degree by no means values for that sum of money. And the government becomes more and more unwilling to fund the university. In America government funding per student fell by 27% between 2007 and 2012, while average tuition fees, adjusted for inflation, rose by 20% . In Britain, tuition fees close to zero two decades ago can reach $ 15,000 a year.
D)The second factor resulting in change is the labor market. In the standard model of higher education, people go to university in their 20s. A degree is an entry ticket to the professional classes. But automation is beginning to have the same effect on white-collar jobs as it has on blue-collar ones. According to a study from Oxford University, 47% of occupations are at risk of being automated in the next few decades. As innovation wipes out some jobs and changes others, people will need to top up their human capital all through their lives.
E)By themselves, these two forces would be pushing change. A third—technology—ensures it. The internet, which has turned businesses from newspapers through music to book sale upside down, will turn over higher education. Now the MOOC, or " Massive Open Online Course", is offering students the chance to listen to star lecturers and get a degree for a fraction of the cost of attending a university. MOOCs started in 2008: however, they have so far failed to live up to their promise. Largely because there is no formal system of accreditation(认证), drop-out rates have been high. But this is changing as private investors and existing universities are drawn in. One provider, Coursera, claims over 8 million registered users. Though its courses are free, it received its first $ 1 million in incomes last year after introducing the option to pay a fee of between $ 30 and $ 100 to have course results certified. Another, Udacity, has teamed up with AT&T and Georgia Tech to offer an online master’s degree in computing, at less than a third of the cost of the traditional version. Harvard Business School will soon offer an online "pre-MBA" for $ 1,500. Starbucks has offered to help pay for its staff to take online degrees with Arizona State University.
F)MOOCs will destroy different universities in different ways. Not all will suffer. Oxford and Harvard could benefit. People of great ambition will always want to go to the best universities to meet each other, and the digital economy tends to favor a few large institutions in charge of its operation. The big names will be able to sell their MOOCs around the world. But ordinary universities may suffer the fate of many newspapers. Were the market for higher education to perform in future as that for newspapers has done over the past decade or two, universities’ incomes would fall by more than half, employment in the industry would drop by nearly 30% and more than 700 institutions would shut their doors. The rest would need to achust themselves to survive.
G)Like all revolutions, the one taking place in higher education will have victims. Many towns and cities rely on universities. In some ways MOOCs will further make the difference both among students and among teachers. The talented students will be much more comfortable than the weaker outside the structured university environment. Superstar lecturers will earn a fortune, to the anger of their less charming colleagues.
H)Politicians will come under pressure to halt this revolution. They should remember that state spending should benefit society as a whole, not protect professors from competition. The change of universities will benefit many more people than it hurts. Students in the rich world will have access to higher education at lower cost and greater convenience. The flexible nature of MOOCs appeals to older people who need training. EdX, another provider, says that the average age of its online students in America is 31. In the modern world online courses also offer a way for countries like Brazil to go ahead Western ones and supply higher education much more cheaply. And education has now become a global market: the Massachusetts Institute of Technology discovered Battushig Myanganbayar, a remarkably talented Mongolian teenager, through an online electronics course.
I)Rather than maintaining the old model, governments should make the new one work better. They can do so by supporting common standards for accreditation. In Brazil, for instance, students completing courses take a government-run exam. In most Western countries it would likewise make sense to have a single, independent organization that certifies exams. Changing an ancient institution will not be easy. But it does promise better education for many more people. Rarely have need and opportunity so neatly come together.
As for those students who do not complete their course, the university degree is definitely not worth $590,000.
选项
答案
C
解析
C)段定位句表明,获得大学学位。终身收入大约增加590,000美元。但对于已经背上沉重债务却未完成学业的学生来说,大学学位根本不值这么多钱。题干中的definitely not worth $590,000对应定位句中的by no means values for that sum of money,故C)为答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/WL3FFFFM
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
Womenareonthevergeofoutnumberingmenintheworkforceforthefirsttime,ahistoricreversalcausedbylong-termchanges
A、Ambitiousbutsensible.B、Ambitiousandunrealistic.C、Expectingthechildtobeagenius.D、Settingasuperhighstandardfor
A、Engineering.B、Computerscience.C、Education.D、Humanresources.C本题考查专业名称。对话中女士提到,TESL是她的专业,并做了解释:ItstandsforteachingEngli
A、Preparingforanimportanttest.B、Fundingforuniversityeducation.C、Winningtheconfidenceofvoters.D、Graduateschoolapp
Howmenfirstlearnedtoinventwordsisunknown;inotherwords,theoriginoflanguageisa【B1】______.Allwereallyknowist
A、Fivedaughtersfoughtoverinheritancefromtheirfather.B、Afamilysufferedfromnationalprejudice.C、Pridewasintheway
A、Developnewhobbies.B、Playthevideogames.C、Takepartinsports.D、Makefriends.C题干询问男士在空闲时间做什么。对话中女士问男士在闲暇时间做什么,男士回答说自己有很
A、Itcannotstartup.B、Thebrakesgotloose.C、Theenginetendstodie.D、Itcannotbestoppedproperly.C男士提到的theengineruns
Duringthenineteenthcentury,whenlittlewasknownaboutenvironmental-ismandconservation,itwascommontohearpeopleinE
Forover3,000yearsFengShuihasbeenpracticedinChina.EarlyChinesepeoplewhopracticedFengShuiwereresponsibleforfi
随机试题
肺胀痰浊壅肺证的治法是
我国国民经济和社会发展系统中最重要的一对关系是()。
无风险利率与期权的价值呈正相关关系。()
某企业2005年末现金余额为10万元;2005年实现销售收入1000万元,2006年预计销售收入1500万元,该公司每年实现的销售收入在当年收现60%,第二年收现40%,2006年预计其他现金收入80万元;2005年末应付账款余额120万元,2006年预
下列各项,会影响企业资本公积总额的有()。
东林公司是一家民营高科技企业,专门研发、生产和销售户外LED屏幕。经过多年的发展,公司产品在本省占有率达到40%,控股子公司有8个,总经理由职业经理人担任。公司的实际控制人张某深感内部控制制度的建立健全对公司可持续发展的重要性。公司给办公大楼都安装了24小
被苏轼赞为“诗中有画,画中有诗”的唐代诗人是()。
根据下列资料,回答问题。2014年3月,全国居民消费价格总水平同比上涨2.4%,其中,城市上涨2.5%,农村上涨2.1%,食品价格上涨4.1%,非食品价格上涨1.5%。消费品价格上涨2.2%,服务价格上涨2.81%。1—3月平均,全国居民消费价格
作风建设的核心是()
关于派生类的说法,不正确的是()。
最新回复
(
0
)