首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Engineering for sustainable development The Greenhouse Project (Himalayan mountain region) Problem Short growing season
Engineering for sustainable development The Greenhouse Project (Himalayan mountain region) Problem Short growing season
admin
2022-03-30
44
问题
Engineering for sustainable development
The Greenhouse Project (Himalayan mountain region)
Problem
Short growing season because of high altitude and low【L31】________
Fresh vegetables imported by lorry or by【L32】________ , so are expensive
Need to use sunlight to prevent local plants from【L33】________
Previous programmes to provide greenhouses were【L34】________
New greenhouse
Meets criteria for sustainability
Simple and【L35】________ to build
Made mainly from local materials (mud or stone for the walls, wood and【L36】________ for the roof)
Building and maintenance done by local craftsmen
Relies solely on【L37】________energy
Only families who have a suitable【L38】________can own one
Design
Long side faces south
Strong polythene cover
Inner【L39】________ are painted black or white
Social benefits
Owners’ status is improved
Rural【L40】________ have greater opportunities
More children are educated
【L35】
Good afternoon. This is the first of a series of lectures I’ll be giving about engineering for sustainable development. I’ll be presenting examples of engineering projects from a variety of contexts, and today I’m going to talk about a project to design a new kind of greenhouse for use in the Himalayan mountain regions.
First of all, I’ll tell you about the problem which was the context for this project. In the Himalayan mountains, fresh vegetables and other crops can only be grown outside for about ninety days, during the summer, because the altitude of the region is around 3500 metres, and
because the rainfall is so low.
In winter, temperatures fall below minus 25 degrees Celsius, so fresh vegetables have to be imported. They arrive by truck in summer or
by air in winter,
which makes them expensive. Local people rely on dried leafy vegetables and stored root crops during the winter, and rarely eat fresh vegetables.
But despite the sub-zero temperatures, the skies over the region are cloudless, and there are over three hundred sunny days per year. So an engineering solution was needed, to exploit the sun’s energy and
protect locally produced plants from freezing during winter.
And in fact,
there has been programmes in the past to provide greenhouses, but these were unsuccessful.
The greenhouses weren’t adapted for local conditions, so they tended to fall into disuse.
So, a few years ago, a project was initiated to design a better greenhouse, one which would meet the criteria for sustainability.
So, what are the criteria for sustainability? Well, first of all, the new greenhouse is designed to be relatively simple,
so construction is cheap.
Locally available materials are used wherever possible. The walls are generally constructed of mud bricks, made locally, although in areas of high snow-fall more resilient walls of stone are needed. Rammed earth is also used. The main roof is generally made from locally available poplar wood,
with water-resistant local grass for the covering.
In addition, the construction and maintenance of the greenhouse are done by local craftsmen. So local stone masons are employed to build the greenhouse walls, and specialised training is provided for them wherever necessary.
Then...
the greenhouse is designed to run on solar power alone,
there’s no supplementary heating. And lastly, families are selected to own one of the new greenhouses with great care.
They have to have a site which is suitable for constructing it on.
They also have to be keen to make a success of using it, and also to share the produce with the wider community through sale or barter. Potential owners are taken to see existing greenhouses before they make a final decision about having one.
So, those are the features which make the project sustainable. And now I’ll briefly describe the design of the greenhouse. The greenhouses are orientated very carefully along an East-West axis so that there’s a long south-facing side. The transparent cover on the south-facing side is made from a heavy-duty polythene, which should last for at least five years.
On the inside of the greenhouse, the walls are painted
— the rear and west-facing walls are black, to improve heat absorption, but the east-facing wall is white to reflect the morning sunlight onto the crops inside. Finally, there’s a door in the wall at one end, and vents are incorporated into the roof, the door and the wall at the other end, to enable control of humidity and prevent overheating.
I’ll turn now to the benefits which have resulted from the introduction of these new greenhouses. These benefits are of various kinds, but for now I’ll just mention the social benefits.
First of all, people who own a greenhouse gain social standing in their communities, because they provide vegetables for the wider community, for regular consumption as well as for festivals, and they also earn income. Secondly,
because in rural areas it is women who usually grow the food, the greenhouses have increased their opportunities.
They bring the benefits of improved nutrition, and increased family income, from the sale of surplus produce. And thirdly, as a result of their improved financial position, some families can now afford to educate their children for the first time.
选项
答案
cheap
解析
空格前的and连接两个并列的形容词,推测此处应填入一个形容词。录音原文指出,温室要设计的相对简单(relatively simple),因此建造起来会比较便宜(cheap)。录音中用两个并列句替换了题目中的两个并列形容词,故空格处应填入cheap。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/VwAYFFFM
本试题收录于:
雅思听力题库雅思(IELTS)分类
0
雅思听力
雅思(IELTS)
相关试题推荐
systematicdesign
Questions27-30ForeachquestiononlyONEofthechoicesiscorrect.Writethecorrespondingletterintheappropriateboxony
Questions27-30ForeachquestiononlyONEofthechoicesiscorrect.Writethecorrespondingletterintheappropriateboxony
Questions15-21ReadingPassage2hasnineparagraphsA-I.Fromthelistofheadingsbelowchoosethemostsuitableheadingfor
Questions15-21ReadingPassage2hasnineparagraphsA-I.Fromthelistofheadingsbelowchoosethemostsuitableheadingfor
TheDevelopmentoftheModernHotAirBalloonThemodernhotairballoonisconstructedbysuspendingawickerbasketundern
Completethesummarybelow.ChooseNOMORETHANTWOWORDSfromthetextforeachanswer.Writeyouranswersinboxes10-
PAPERRECYCLINGAPaperisdifferentfromotherwasteproducebecauseitcomesfromasustainableresource:trees.Unlikethemi
ListtheFOURmainwaysinwhichBritishcompanieshavetriedtosolvetheproblemofthelanguagebarriersincethe1960s.Writ
随机试题
汽油机传统点火系主要分为触点式点火系和电子控制式点火系。()
病因不明的急性腹膜炎手术切口多选择
介导Ⅰ型超敏反应的抗体是
急性冠状动脉综合征的特点不包括
计算机辅助设计和图形、图像处理技术对城市规划业务的影响主要反映在()
通过观测贷款,如果出现下列()情况时,可以判断还款来源出现了风险。
简述中国民族乐器的分类并至少各列举三种。
从甲骨文到草书、行书的各种书法艺术,间接地反映了现实某些方面的属性。将具体的形式集中概括为抽象的意象,通过视觉来启发人们的想象力,调动人们的情感,使人们从意象中体味到其间所蕴含的美。这也就是一些讲书法的文章里常说的“舍貌取神”——舍弃客观事物的具体现象特征
从所给的四个选项中,选择最合适的一个填入问号处,使之呈现一定的规律性。
近期的一项调查显示:日本产“星愿”、德国产“心动”和美国产的“EXAP”三种轿车最受女性买主的青睐。调查指出,在中国汽车市场上,按照女性买主所占的百分比计算,这三种轿车名列前三名。星愿、心动和EXAP三种车的买主,分别有58%、55%和54%是妇女。但是
最新回复
(
0
)