2. 外语
  3. Not all decisions are alike. Nor is every decision made in the same manner. Although some actions you undertake derive their bas

Not all decisions are alike. Nor is every decision made in the same manner. Although some actions you undertake derive their bas

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问题     Not all decisions are alike. Nor is every decision made in the same manner. Although some actions you undertake derive their basis from newly made decisions, there are other instances when decision making does not really take place. The latter, according to Deacon and Firebaugh, may involve routine, programmed, impulsive or intuitive action. When you wake up in the morning and prepare to attend class do you consciously make decisions about such things as which side of your hair to comb first, how to brush your teeth, or which shoe to put on first? Probably not. Although you may have made a conscious decision about what you were going to wear to class, you probably didn’t spend any time in making a decision about how to get ready to attend class. Every individual has certain habits or routine behaviors. Although they originated from decisions made at an earlier time in your life, you no longer consciously make these decisions each time you undertake this type of action.
    Routine plans or actions serve a useful purpose in your daily life and management. How long would it take you to get up, get ready, and walk to class if you had to make separate decisions for each action you take? You use routine plans or actions as resources to make new decisions.
    In addition to the habitual behaviors or routines you follow, you also have certain specific actions you undertake in a given situation. These are called programmed decisions. Programmed decisions are different from routines. Routine plans or actions are patterns of behavioral actions repeatedly undertaken on a consistent and regular basis. Programmed decisions, on the other hand, utilize your past experience in a similar situation. For instance, you know you are going to have a test. Your method of studying for this test will be done using your knowledge of a similar experience. The degree of success previously achieved will be a determinant in how, when, where, and the length of time you study for this test.
    Programmed decisions, like routines, are a resource in your management. When the action undertaken proves to be successful you repeat the same action the next time a similar situation occurs. This successful achievement, measured by the satisfaction you received, determines when and the extent to which you modify the original decision before employing it again in other like situations.
    Both routine and programmed decisions serve useful purposes. They act as resources by eliminating the need to make new decisions. They also evaluate managerial action. The success you achieve enables you to by-pass or minimize the use of the decision-making process.
Routine plans or actions serve a useful purpose because they______.
选项 A、can save people plenty of time
B、may measure the success people have achieved
C、enable people to make better decisions
D、can ensure a good score in an exam
答案A
解析 本题问为什么惯例计划或惯例行为很有用。文章第二段指出，惯例计划或惯例行为在日常生活与管理中很有用。如果每做一件事都要单独做出决定的话，那要花多少时间起床、做准备和走路上课呢?人们常利用惯例计划或惯例行为这一方法，既然我们每天都在使用，就不必想办法做新决定。因此，利用惯例计划或惯例行为可大大节约时间。所以，本题的正确答案应是A。
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