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  3. The American screen has long been a smoky place, at least since 1942’s Now, Voyager, in which Bette Davis and Paul Henreid showe

The American screen has long been a smoky place, at least since 1942’s Now, Voyager, in which Bette Davis and Paul Henreid showe

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问题     The American screen has long been a smoky place, at least since 1942’s Now, Voyager, in which Bette Davis and Paul Henreid showed how to make and seal a romantic deal over a pair of cigarettes that were smoldering as much as the stars. Today cigarettes are more common onscreen than at any other time since mid-century: 75% of all Hollywood films — including 36% of those rated G or PG — show tobacco use, according to a recent survey by the University of California, San Francisco.
    Audiences, especially kids, are taking notice. Two recent studies, published in Lancet and Pediatrics, have found that among children as young as 10, those exposed to the most screen smoking are up to 2.7 times as likely as others to pick up the habit. Worse, it’s the ones from nonsmoking homes who are hit the hardest, perhaps because they are spared the dirty ashtrays and moldy drapes that make real-world smoking a lot less appealing than the clean cinematic version.
    Now the Harvard School of Public Health(HSPH)— the folks behind the designated-driver campaign — are pushing to get the smokes off the screen. "Some movies show kids up to 14 incidents of smoking per hour," says Barry Bloom, HSPH’s dean. "We’re in the business of preventing disease, and cigarettes are the No. 1 preventable cause."
    If there’s one thing health experts know, it’s that you don’t influence behavior by telling people what to do. You do it by exposing them to enough cases of people behaving well that it creates a new norm. What made the designated-driver concept catch on in the 1980s was partly that Harvard and the ad agencies it worked with persuaded TV networks to slip the idea into their shows. There’s a reason a designated-driver poster appeared in the bar on Cheers, and it’s not because it made the jokes funnier.
    "The idea appeared in 160 prime-time episodes over four years," says Jay Winsten, HSPH’s associate dean. "Drunk-driving fatalities fell 25% over the next three years."
    Harvard long believed that getting cigarettes out of movies could have as powerful an effect, but it wouldn’t be easy. Cigarette makers had a history of striking product-placement deals with Hollywood, and while the 1998 tobacco settlement prevents that, nothing stops directors from incorporating smoking into scenes on their own.
    In 1999 Harvard began holding one-on-one meetings with studio executives trying to change that, and last year the Motion Picture Association of America flung the door open, inviting Bloom to make a presentation in February to all the studios. Harvard’s advice was direct: Get the butts entirely out, or at least make smoking unappealing.
    A few films provide a glimpse of what a no-smoking — or low-smoking — Hollywood would be like. Producer Lindsay Doran, who once helped persuade director John Hughes to keep Ferris Bueller smoke-free in the 1980s hit, wanted to do the same for the leads of her 2006 movie Stranger Than Fiction. When a writer convinced her that the character played by Emma Thompson had to smoke, Doran relented, but from the way Thompson hacks her way through the film and snuffs out her cigarettes in a palmful of spit, it’s clear the glamour’s gone. And remember all the smoking in The Devil Wears Prada? No? That’s because the producers of that film kept it out entirely. "No one smoked in that movie," says Doran, "and no one noticed."
    Such movies are hardly the rule, but the pressure is growing. Like smokers, studios may conclude that quitting the habit is not just a lot healthier but also a lot smarter.
What is the author’s attitude toward getting cigarettes out of screen?
选项 A、Critical.
B、Optimistic.
C、Indifferent.
D、Skeptical.
答案B
解析 观点态度题。最后一段作者提到虽然电影中不出现吸烟镜头还没成为趋势，但压力在不断地增强，且制片厂也可能像吸烟者那样，认为摒弃吸烟的习惯不仅健康得多，而且也明智得多，其隐含意思是吸烟场面迟早会被消除的．即作者持乐观的态度，故B为正确答案。
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