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  3. We humans have a remarkable brain-mediated capacity to make sounds and let them act as symbolic representations of other things.

We humans have a remarkable brain-mediated capacity to make sounds and let them act as symbolic representations of other things.

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问题     We humans have a remarkable brain-mediated capacity to make sounds and let them act as symbolic representations of other things. Two hundred thousand years ago, the first word was spoken. In the arms of an adoring mother, the babbling "mamam" of an infant became the spoken representation of safety, warmth, nourishment and, the person who provided all of this, mother. Since then we have been able to sequence, structure, and sort the roughly 40 sounds we are capable of making into thousands of complex languages with millions of unique "words".
    Yet while words are our most amazing invention, human communication starts when words have no meaning. It starts by gazing, rocking, stroking, kissing, humming, the sight, sound, smell, and touch of a loved one. It is in these first nonverbal interactions that one human becomes connected to another and communication begins. The infant’s cry means, "I’m hungry or scared or cold or tired." The responsive caregiver’s actions mean, "It’s safe. Eat now. I bring warmth, comfort and pleasure. You are loved." To the newborn, the sounds of "I love you" are, at first, meaningless. But over time, by holding, rocking, gazing and gently stroking—as the sounds "I love you" are whispered over and over—the baby learns the meaning in the word. The sound becomes a word. To the lucky infant, love is the responsive, safe, and warm rhythmic touch—the smile, the hum and the adoring gaze.
    When language does not develop in the context of caring relationships, we lose the beauty and meaning that words can convey. For each newborn, exposure to repetitive spoken language in a relationship provides the stimulus for neural organization that will allow that child to develop complex language capabilities—the capacity to understand and to communicate using "words". This learning process requires that language be derived from social-emotional communication. The face, not the voice, is the major organ of human communication. Words have become our shortcuts.
According to the author, communication begins______.
选项 A、with nonverbal interactions
B、two hundred thousand years ago
C、between mother and child
D、with words
答案A
解析 属信息归纳题。第二段前两句指出：“早在词汇还不具备意义时，人类就开始了交流。人类交流开始于凝视、轻摇、抚摸、亲吻、低吟，看到、听到、闻到、触摸所爱的人。”由此可知，人类的交流开始于非言语互动。
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