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  3. Most episodes of absent-mindedness—forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room—are caused by a

Most episodes of absent-mindedness—forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room—are caused by a

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问题     Most episodes of absent-mindedness—forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room—are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. "You’re supposed to remember something, but you haven’t encoded it deeply. "
    Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in you wardrobe (衣柜). "Your memory itself isn’t failing you," says Schacter. "Rather, you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed. "
    Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. "A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago," says Zelinski, "may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox. " Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that.
    Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Schacter. "But be sure the cue is clear and available," he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication (药物) with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table—don’t leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.
    Another common episode of absent-mindedness; walking into a room and wondering why you’re there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. "Everyone does this from time to time," says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you’ll likely remember. (295 words)
Why does the author think that encoding properly is very important?
选项 A、It helps us understand our memory system better.
B、It enables us to recall something from our memory.
C、It expands our memory capacity considerably.
D、It slows down the process of losing our memory.
答案B
解析 本题属于细节题。第二段有三处相关的信息：第一句：“Encoding，Schacter explains，is a special way of pay attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later．”(Schacter解释说，编码是对一件事注意的特殊方式，编码对后来回忆起来有重大影响。)第二句：“Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations．”(不正确编码可产生令人烦恼的情况。)最后一句话：“Rather，you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed．”(实际上，是你没能给你的记忆系统它所需要的信息。)综上所述，正确的编码是给记忆系统所需要的信息，对记忆产生影响，故与选项B说法相符。
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