首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Why does storytelling endure across time and cultures? Perhaps the answer lies in our evolutionary roots. A study of the way tha
Why does storytelling endure across time and cultures? Perhaps the answer lies in our evolutionary roots. A study of the way tha
admin
2013-01-15
35
问题
Why does storytelling endure across time and cultures? Perhaps the answer lies in our evolutionary roots. A study of the way that people respond to Victorian literature hints that novels act as a social glue, reinforcing the types of behaviour that benefit society.
Literature "could continually condition society so that we fight against base impulses and work in a cooperative way", says Jonathan Gottschall of Washington and Jefferson College, Pennsylvania. He and co-author Joseph Carroll at the University of Missouri. St Louis, study how Darwin’s theories of evolution apply to literature. Along with John John-son, an evolutionary psychologist at Pennsylvania State University in DuBois, the researchers asked 500 people to fill in a questionnaire about 200 classic Victorian novels. The respondents were asked to define characters as protagonists or antagonists and then to describe their personality and motives, such as whether they were conscientious or power-hungry.
The team found that the characters fell into groups that mirrored the egalitarian dynamics of a hunter-gather society in which individual dominance is suppressed for the greater good (Evolutionary Psychology, vol 4, p 716). Protagonists, such as Elizabeth Bennett in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, for example, scored highly on conscientiousness and nurturing, while antagonists like Bram Stoker’s Count Dracula scored highly on status-seeking and social dominance. In the novels, dominant behaviour is "powerfully stigmatized", says Gottschall. "Bad guys and girls are just dominance machines; they are obsessed with getting ahead; they rarely have pro-social behaviours. "
While few in today’s world live in hunter-gatherer societies, "the political dynamic at work in these novels, the basic opposition between communitarianism and dominance behaviour, is a universal theme", says Carroll Christopher Boehm. A cultural anthropologist whose work Carroll acknowledges was an important influence on the study, agrees. "Modern democracies, with their formal checks and balances, are carrying forward an egalitarian ideal".
A few characters were judged to be both good and bad, such as Heathcliff in Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights or Austen’s Mr. Darcy. "They reveal the pressure being exercised on maintaining the total social order," says Carroll.
Boehm and Carroll believe novels have the same effect as the cautionary tales told in older societies. "Novels have a function that continues to contribute to the quality and structure of group life," says Boehm. "Maybe storytelling—from TV to folk tales—actually serves some specific evolutionary adaptation," says Gottschall. They’re not just byproducts of evolutionary adaptation.
What is said about the bad guys and girls in novels?
选项
A、They are protagonists that are powerfully stigmatized.
B、They are always afraid of getting ahead of others.
C、They rarely have behaviors that protect the society.
D、They always seek dominant status in society.
答案
D
解析
根据文章第三段最后一句…they are obsessed with getting ahead…可知,他们贪恋于追逐社会支配地位,与D选项中seek dominant status的意思一致。所以,正确的答案是D选项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/Tr8YFFFM
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Thesinglegreatestshiftinthehistoryofmass-communicationtechnologyoccurredinthe15thcentury,andwaswelldescribedb
Itistheinteraction(between)people,(ratherthan)theeventsthatoccurintheirlivesthat(are)themainfocus(of)social
Duringthepastgeneration,theAmericanmiddle-classfamilythatoncecouldcountonhardworkandfairplaytokeepitselffin
Thesimplestanimalsarethosewhosebodiesaresimplestinstructureandwhichdothethingsdonebyalllivinganimals,sucha
Bigbusinessesenjoycertain______thatsmalleronesdonothave.
Thechancesofarepetitionofthoseunfortunateeventsare______indeed.
Changingfromsolidtoliquid,watertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit,andthis______producesartificialcoldsurround
OneexpertremarksthatacomputerwithsomanytubesasthebrainhasneuronswouldrequiretheEmpireStateBuildingtocontai
Itisstillnotclearwhat_____aseriesofargumentbetweenthem.
Sheansweredwithan_____"No"totherequestthatsheattendthepublichearing.
随机试题
ABS二位二通电磁阀的只有增压和减压二种状态。()
根据某地区五种急性传染病的死亡构成的资料宜用
一患者,某日突然出现阵发性抽搐,表现意识丧失,眼球上窜,瞳孔散大,口唇青紫,全身抽搐,有舌咬伤,尿失禁,持续约3分钟,发作后入睡,意识清醒后对上述情况不能回忆,初步考虑为
高分子材料最明显的特点是( )。
下列工程项目索赔中,不属于按索赔目的分类的有()。
可转换公司债券具有()性质。
下列有关审计工作底稿归档期限的表述中,正确的是()。
某乡镇为了发展经济,建开发园区,要求园区规划内的住户动迁,其他人都按计划搬走了,只有五户居民工作很难做,政府给予他们的条件已经很优厚了,同意在原老房子后边给他们划拨土地让他们建房,但他们仍然坚持要在原地建房。办事的工作人员把这件事汇报给了镇长,镇长提出,既
二次型f(x1,x2,x3)=5x12+5x22+cx32一2x1x2+6x1x3—6x2x3的秩为2。求参数c及此二次型对应矩阵的特征值;
Whydoesthespeakersaythatpickingsomebody’spocketisanhonorablejobinsoutheastLondon?
最新回复
(
0
)