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  3. We’re always being told by the Department of Health to eat five portions of fruit and vegetables a day. But it’s not clear where

We’re always being told by the Department of Health to eat five portions of fruit and vegetables a day. But it’s not clear where

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问题     We’re always being told by the Department of Health to eat five portions of fruit and vegetables a day. But it’s not clear where the evidence for this comes from and a large study by the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition(EPIC)two years ago of the dietary intake of more than 400,000 people found only a weak link between eating fruit and vegetables and a reduction in overall cancer risk. There’s no evidence it reduces breast or prostate cancer.
    Even so, how could anyone argue against eating more fruit and vegetables? Well, it depends what fruit you’re eating. A review article in the Canadian Medical Association Journal warns that a chemical in grapefruits can interact fatally with certain medicines. Even apple juice, the staple of many breakfast tables, may reduce our absorption of some drugs. Parents also often think fruit juice is a healthy alternative to soda drinks but juices contain sugar and calories too—as much as a glass of Coke(160 calories)—so should be drunk in moderation.
    Grapefruit has also been linked to an increase in breast cancer. A study in the British Journal of Cancer(BJC)of 500,000 postmenopausal women found that eating a quarter of the fruit a day increased the risk by 30%.
    There is one good reason for not eating grapefruits—they taste sour. But they are unlikely to increase your risk of breast cancer: further research in the BJC showed no increase of breast cancer in pre- or post-menopausal women who tuck into grapefruits or drink juice.
    Grapefruit contains a type of chemical called furanocoumarin(also found in Seville oranges and limes but not Valencia or other sweet oranges), which, by inhibiting the enzyme CYP3A4, stops the breakdown of some prescription drugs. So the concentrations of these drugs rise and can have serious side-effects, including kidney damage, heart block(where no electrical impulses pass through the heart and it can stop beating), and deep vein thrombosis(which occurred when an oral contraceptive was taken by a woman who also ate grapefruit three days in a row).
    Patient information leaflets should tell you what foods to avoid with which drugs. If in doubt, ask your doctor. So you don’t need to eat less fruit, and may still need to eat more. Another paper from the EPIC study found a 22% reduction in deaths from heart attacks in people who ate eight portions of fruit and vegetables a day compared to those who ate three or fewer. The way the study is designed, however, means that it can only suggest a link—it can’t prove one.
In parents’ opinion, fruit juice______.
选项 A、should not be drunk with drugs
B、should be healthier than soda drinks
C、may also cause weight gain
D、could be drunk as much as the child like
答案B
解析 细节题。文章第二段最后一句表明，父母们也经常认为果汁是汽水的健康替代品，由此推知，父母认为果汁比汽水更健康，所以[B]正确。本段第三句提到，西柚中的一种化学物质可以和某些药物发生致命的相互作用，第四句也指出，苹果汁可能减少我们对某些药物的吸收，但并未表明父母认为果汁“不应该和药物一起喝”，故排除[A]；该段最后一句提到，果汁也含有糖和卡路里，但父母并未意识到这一点，所以排除[C]“可能导致体重增加”；文中只提到父母认为果汁可以作为汽水的替代品，但并未说父母认为可以随便喝，因此排除[D]“可以让小孩儿随意喝”。
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