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  3. Everyone agrees that innovation is key to solving the many challenges we face as a country, from health care to education to the

Everyone agrees that innovation is key to solving the many challenges we face as a country, from health care to education to the

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问题     Everyone agrees that innovation is key to solving the many challenges we face as a country, from health care to education to the environment, and is fundamental to restoring economic growth and prosperity. But I would put it a slightly different way. We must find a way to rebuild the " innovation infrastructure" in this country.
    The problem is not that Americans aren’t as inherently innovative as ever—we are. And the level of interest among Americans in the process of innovation—determining the best recipes to make it happen—has been skyrocketing over the past few years. For example, the number of times the word "innovation" appeared in Google news stories has increased by approximately a factor of five from Obama’s inauguration to today. Google the term "innovation" and you’ll get 342 million hits, approximately half the 676 million hits that "Obama" generates. And according to hashtags. org, innovate is trending about the same rate as deficit.
    Our problem is that the system is failing our citizens. The "seed corn" of innovation—creative ideas, fundamental discoveries, and novel inventions—is no longer being generated in this country at nearly the rate it was before. Viable "seed corn" requires an innovation infrastructure in which bright minds are provided the resources and freedom to create and invent according to their passions and curiosities, to take bold risks, and even to fail. Such an innovation infrastructure thrived in the U.S. in the late 20th century as a synergistic collaboration among the institutions of academia, government, and industry. It led to the innovations that put Americans on the moon, and to the personal computer, the Internet, and the era of genomic medicine.
    Tragically, in the 21st century our innovation infrastructure is completely broken. The willingness to take risks and a longer-term view has virtually disappeared from our institutions. Large corporations, driven by quarterly earnings and Wall Street, have almost completely shuttered their basic, longer-term research programs. Bright young academic researchers have learned to take the safe route in their proposals for funding by government agencies, knowing that truly radical and risky ideas are unlikely to be approved by a panel of peer reviewers. And despite the current wave of enthusiasm in Silicon Valley over the latest set of Internet IPOs, venture capitalists are no longer willing to take the long-shot risks they took in the past.
    So, as the presidential contest begins to heat up, here is the message to both parties. Americans are ready and willing to embrace the goal of once again leading the world in innovation. This could be the moon shot for the next decade that unifies our country. However, we are at a tremendous disadvantage unless the innovation infrastructure of this country is rebuilt. This requires a new collaboration among government, industry, and academia—one that is suited to the challenges and opportunities of the digital age, and that restores the bold risk taking and action orientation of earlier times.
According to the passage, the essential elements of innovation lose its energy for development because
选项 A、too many risky ideas have destroyed people’s confidence in innovation.
B、institutions, government and business cannot cooperate effectively as before.
C、Americans have lost interest in innovation during the past years.
D、the necessary systems and structures for innovation don’t get proper development.
答案D
解析 推理判断题。根据题干关键词the essential elements of innovation lose its energy定位到第三段第二、三句：创新的“核心”，如创造性思想、基本的发现和新发明，再也不像以前那样快速涌现了。可行的“核心”需要一个创新的基础设施。由此可推断，目前创新发展劲头不足的原因是其基础设施没有得到应有的发展，[D]与原文意思相符，故为答案。第三句还提到凭借那样的创新基础设施，睿智的人们获得了资源，按照自己的激情和好奇心，自由地创造和发明，敢于冒险，甚至失败，由此可判断，[A]与原文不符，故排除；[C]与文章意思相反，故排除；[B]是对原文的主观臆断，故排除。
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