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  3. The brains of children are affected by family violence in the same way as combat affects soldiers, according to a study. In bot

The brains of children are affected by family violence in the same way as combat affects soldiers, according to a study. In bot

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问题     The brains of children are affected by family violence in the
same way as combat affects soldiers, according to a study. In both
cases the brain becomes increasing wary of potential threats.【M1】______
Children who suffer abuse or witness domestic violence are known
to be at greater risk of anxiety and depression in late life.【M2】______
    Scientists carried out magnetic resonance imaging brain scans
on 20 London children with an average age of 12 who have been【M3】______
exposed to documented violence at home. All had referred to local【M4】______
social services. While in the scanner, the children were shown
pictures of male or female faces with sad, calm or angry【M5】______
expressions. Their patterns of brain activity were compared with
that of 23 matched children with no history of family violence.【M6】______
The children exposed to violence responded in the distinct way to【M7】______
angry faces, the study found. Their brains showed heightened
activation in two regions associated with threat detection.
    Previous research has shown a similar pattern in the brains of
soldiers exposed to violence combat situations. The scans suggest
both combat veteran soldiers and children who witness violence
tuning their brains to be hyper-aware of environmental danger.【M8】______
    Lead author Dr Eamon McCrory, from UCL’s Division of
Psychology and Language Sciences, said: "We are only now
beginning to understand how child abuse influences function of the【M9】______
brain’s emotional systems. This research is important because it
provides with our first clues as to how regions in the child’s brain【M10】______
may adapt to early experiences of abuse in the home."
【M4】
选项
答案∧referred—been
解析 语法错误。此句的意思为“所有这些孩子都求助过当地的社会福利组织”，此处refer的意思为“指点，使求助于”，当用作此意时，refer是及物动词，通常用在refer sb．to．．．结构中，此处为被动语态，故应加上been。
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