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  3. Federal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960 s when the Small Business Administration(SBA)began making federally

Federal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960 s when the Small Business Administration(SBA)began making federally

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问题     Federal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960 s when the Small Business Administration(SBA)began making federally guaranteed loans and government-sponsored management and technical assistance available to minority business enterprises. While this program enabled many minority entrepreneurs to form new businesses, the results were disappointing, since managerial inexperience, unfavorable locations, and capital shortages led to high failure rates. Even 15 years after the program was implemented, minority business receipts were not quite two percent of the national economy’ s total receipts.
    Recently federal policymakers have adopted an approach intended to acceler- ate development of the minority business sector by moving away from directly aiding small minority enterprises and toward supporting larger, growth-oriented minority firms through intermediary companies. In this approach, large corporations participate in the development of successful and stable minority businesses by making use of government-sponsored venture capital. The capital is used by a participating company to establish a Minority Enterprise Small Business Investment Company or MESBIC. The MESBIC then provides capital and guidance to minority businesses that have potential to become future suppliers or customers of the sponsoring company.
    MESBIC’s are the result of the belief that providing established firms with easier access to relevant management techniques and more job-specific experience, as well as substantial amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business foundations than does simply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available. Further, since potential markets for the minority businesses already exist through the sponsoring companies, the minority businesses face considerably less risk in terms of location and market fluctuation. Following early financial and operating problems, sponsoring corporations began to capitalize MESBIC’s far above the legal minimum of $ 500,000 in order to generate sufficient income and to sustain the quality of management needed. MESBIC’s are now emerging as in- creasingly important financing sources for minority enterprises.
    Ironically, MESBIC staffs, which usually consist of Hispanic and Black professionals, tend to approach invest- ments in minority firms more pragmatically than do many MESBIC directors, who are usually senior managers from sponsoring corporations. The latter often still think mainly in terms of the "social responsibility approach" and thus seem to prefer deals that are riskier and less attractive than normal investment criteria would warrant. Such differences in viewpoint have produced uneasiness among many minority staff members, who feel that minority entrepreneurs and businesses should be judged by established business considerations. These staff members believe their point of view is closer to the original philosophy of MESBIC’s and they are concerned that, unless a more prudent course is followed, MESBIC directors may revert to policies likely to recreate the disap- pointing results of the original SBA approach.
Which of the following best states the central idea of the passage?
选项 A、The use of MESBIC’s for aiding minority entrepreneurs seems to have greater potential for success than does the original SBA approach.
B、There is a crucial difference in point of view between the staff and directors of some MESBIC’s.
C、After initial problems with management and marketing, minority businesses have begun to expand at a steady rate.
D、Minority entrepreneurs wishing to form new businesses now have several equally successful federal programs on which to rely.
E、For the first time since 1960, large corporations are making significant contributions to the development of minority businesses.
答案A
解析 本文中心思想(主题题型)：A．正确。MESBIC用来资助少数民族企业似乎比原来的SBA更有成功可能。符合原文。总体态度：先给出SBA失败结果，再详细叙述MESBIC的运作，最后指出，MESBIC是有前途的。L33—37。C．错在“expand at a steady rate”，文中并未指出现在少数民族企业的状态。D．错在“several equally successful federal programs”，文中无。E．“first time”不正确。文中并未指出这是第一次出现大企业为少数民族企业的发展做出贡献。
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