2. 考研
  3. 殖民地时期 ——2015年英译汉及详解 Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emig

殖民地时期 ——2015年英译汉及详解 Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emig

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问题 殖民地时期
    ——2015年英译汉及详解
   Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America.【F1】This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.
   【F2】The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world.【F3】But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.
   【F4】The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th-and-16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they survived on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably delay.
   To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one recorder of events, "The air at twelve leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden." The colonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods.【F5】The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.
【F2】
选项
答案合众国是两股主要力量作用的产物，一是具有不同思想、风俗和民族特点的欧洲各民族的迁入，二是一个新国家因改变了这些特征而产生的影响。
解析 本句考查的重点是：同位语及定语从句。
   本句的主干为The United States is the product of two principal forces。破折号后面的内容是两个同位语：the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas，customs，and national characteristics和the impact of a new country，用来解释说明two principal forces，其中第二个同位语中又含有一个定语从句which modified these traits，修饰a new country。
   ①介词短语of two principal forces及with their varied ideas，customs，and national characteristics较短，应翻译为前置定语。
   ②将定语从句which modified these traits翻译为前置定语，这可以使第二个同位语的翻译与第一个同位语的翻译在结构上实现对等。
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