首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
We all know that programming language is the system of syntax, grammar, and symbols or words used to give instructions to a comp
We all know that programming language is the system of syntax, grammar, and symbols or words used to give instructions to a comp
admin
2010-03-25
38
问题
We all know that programming language is the system of syntax, grammar, and symbols or words used to give instructions to a computer. Because computers work with binary numbers, first-generation languages, called machine languages, required the writing of long strings of binary numbers to represent such operations as add, subtract, and compare. Later improvements allowed octal, decimal, or hexadecimal representation of binary strings. It is difficult to write error-free programs in machine language; many languages have been created to make programming easier and faster. Symbolic, or assembly, languages-- second-generation languages---- were introduced in the early 1950s. They use simple mnemonics such as "A" for add or "M" for multiply, which are translated into machine language by a computer program called an assembler. An extension of such a language is the macro instruction, a mnemonic (such as "READ" ) for which the assembler substitutes a series of simpler mnemonics. In the mid-1950s, a third generation of languages came into use. Called high-level languages because they are largely independent of the hardware, these algorithmic, or procedural, languages are designed for solving a particular type of problem. Unlike machine or symbolic languages, they vary little between computers. They must be translated into machine code by a program called a compiler or interpreter. The first such language was FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation), developed about 1956 and best used for scientific calculation. The first commercial language, COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language), was developed about 1959. ALGOL (ALGOrithmic Language), developed in Europe about 1958, is used primarily in mathematics and science, as is APL (A Programming Language), published in 1962. Pl/l (programming Language 1), developed in the late 1960s, and ADA (for Ada Augusta, countess of Lovelace, biographer of Charles Babbage), developed in 198 l, are designed for both business and scientific use. For personal computers the most popular languages are BASIC (Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code), developed in 1967 and similar to FORTRAN, and Pascal (for Blaise Pascal, who built the first successful mechanical calculator), introduced in 1971 as a teaching language. Modula 2, a Pacal-like language for commercial and mathematical applications, was introduced in 1982. The C language, introduced (1972) to implement the Unix operating system, has been extended to C ++ to deal with the rigors of object-oriented programming. Fourth-generation languages are nonprocedural. They specify what is to be accomplished without describing how. The first one, FORTH, developed in 1970, is used in scientific and industrial control applications. Most fourth-generation languages are written for specific purposes. Fifth-generation languages, which are still in infancy, are an outgrowth of artificial intelligence research. PROLOG (PROgramming Logic) is useful for programming logical processes and making deductions automatically.
Many other languages have been designed to meet specialized needs. GPSS (General Purpose System Simulator) is used for modeling physical and environmental events, and SNOBOL (String-Oriented Symbolic Language) and LISP (LISt Processing) are designed for pattern matching and list processing. LOGO, a version of LISP, was developed in the 1960s to help children learn about computers. PILOT (Programmed Instruction Learning, Or Testing) is used in writing instructional software, and Occam is a nonsequential language that optimizes the execution of a program’s instructions in parallel processing systems.
The 3rd generation of programming language shares all the following characteristics EXCETP _____.
选项
A、it is used in designing software.
B、it is hardware-independent.
C、is should be translated into the computer language by software.
D、it is designed to solve some specific problem.
答案
A
解析
是非题。文章中提到a third generation of languages...are largely independent of the hardware;...are designed for solving a particular type of problem;...must be translated into machine code,但是没有提到设计软件,因此选择A。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/Rr4YFFFM
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Yetthedifferenceintoneandlanguagemuststrikeus,sosoonasitisphilosophythatspeaks:thatchangeshouldremindusth
A、Theyareherewithusnowbecausetheytooktheearlytrain.B、Theywantedtobewithus,sotheytooktheearlytrain.C、They
A、MarkadmittedthatMonicawasright,whensheprovidedenoughevidence.B、MarkdeniedthatMonicawasright,regardlessofher
Mostofusaretaughttopayattentiontowhatissaid—thewords.Wordsdoprovideuswithsomeinformation,butmeaningsarede
Isloyaltyintheworkplacedead?Justrecently,LyndaGratton,aworkplaceexpert,proclaimedthatitwas.InTheFinancial
Thesearchforwater—andpossiblelife—onMarsgotaboostthisweekasscientistsannouncedevidenceofanancientoceanonthe
A、MissBrownisoneofthebestteachersbecauseshehastaughtlonger.B、MissBrownhasthebestexperienceofallthecollege
Ifyouhaveeverwonderedjusthowharditisforkidsfrombrokenneighborhoodstoavoidprison,aglanceatdatacompiledbyt
Thesedayssearchingforanumber【C1】______telephonedirectoryseemsveryold-fashioned.Voicerecognitionsystemsarebecoming
Yesterday,whenLil’Kimwassentencedtoayearandadayinprisonforlyingtoagrandjury,itseemedlikemoreproofthatr
随机试题
—Iheardthatsomepolicedidn’tallowsuspectsenoughsleeptogetso-calledcriminalevidenceinAmerica.—______?Thiscert
A.门静脉海绵样变B.巴德一吉亚利综合征C.肝包虫病D.血吸虫病E.原发性肝癌属于肝前型门脉高压症的疾病是
类风湿关节炎的主要表现是
支配虹膜环形肌的是()
下列说法错误的是:()
我国发行的债券目前主要偿还方式是采用( )。
以下是某求助者与咨询师的谈话,请据此回答问题:心理咨询师:你最近有什么烦心的事情吗?想和我交流一下吗?我是一个职业的心理咨询师,我会为我们今天的谈话保密的。求助者:最近一个月一直心情低落,上班时无精打采的,也不想和同事们来往,厌食,失眠
()不是人力资源开发目标的特性。
传统节日有了法定假期,未必就不会渐行渐远。一个古老节日之所以沿袭不衰,真正动因不在于它有多热闹、能带来多少商机,而在于它承载着中国人代代积累下来的那份感情,流淌着中华民族赖以生存繁衍的精神血脉和文化基因。如今社会进步,经济发展,人们对传统节日有了更高的要求
毛泽东提出的具有中国特点的民主革命道路理论初步形成的标志是
最新回复
(
0
)