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  3. Passage 1 Managers and office busybodies might be keen on a clean desk—but it seems that in terms of productivity，they could

Passage 1 Managers and office busybodies might be keen on a clean desk—but it seems that in terms of productivity，they could

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问题 Passage 1
    Managers and office busybodies might be keen on a clean desk—but it seems that in terms of productivity，they could have it all wrong．A messy desk can actually lead people to—wards clearer thinking，say researchers from Germany．
  The researchers found in a series of linked studies—using a messy desk and a messy shop front—that people actually thought more clearly when all around was chaos，as they sought to simplify the tasks at hand．Visual and mental clutter forces human beings to focus and think more clearly．Famous thinkers and writers such as Albert Einstein and Ronald Dahl have been notorious for their untidy desks．
“Messy desks may not be as detrimental as they appear to be，as the problem—solving approaches they seem to cause can boost work efficiency or enhance employees，creativity in problem solving，”say the authors．Oddly，the effect seems to WOrk most on conservatives—political liberals are less liable to be worried about mess in the first place，say the researchers．
    “Business and government managers often promote‘clean desk’policies t0 avoid disoganized offices and messy desks，for the purpose of boosting work efficiency and productivity，”write lead researcher Jia Liu of the University of Groningen in a paper published in the Journal of Consumer Research，“This practice is based on the conventional wisdom that a disorganized and messy environment can clutter one’s mind and complicate one，s judgments．”
    However， not all evidence supports this conventional link between a  messy environment and a messy mind．”The scientists tested people’s response in various‘messy’ environments—including a messy shop front，a disorganized desk，and even a work environment where a language task‘reminded’people of messiness．
  The authors found in the series of six studies tended towards simplicity in their thinking．
  “They categorized products in a simpler manner，were willing to pay more for a T—shirt that depicts a simple—looking picture，and sought less variety in their choices．”said the resarehers
Why did the author take Albert Einstein and Ronald Dahl for example?(    )
选项 A、To tell readers untidy desks can make you as famous as celebrities
B、To convince readers that untidiness is not all that bad
C、To inform readers of one way to success—untidy desks
D、To attract readers and show the authors wide range of knowledge
答案B
解析 第二段倒数第二句“视觉上和精神上的杂乱迫使人们集中注意力思维更清晰”，最后一句接着举了Albert Einstein and Ronald Dahl的例子，就是为了说明上一句的。
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