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  3. For those seeking to help the worst-off in poor countries, the mobile phone has been a magic wand. Mobile-money accounts have he

For those seeking to help the worst-off in poor countries, the mobile phone has been a magic wand. Mobile-money accounts have he

admin2022-11-16  126
问题     For those seeking to help the worst-off in poor countries, the mobile phone has been a magic wand. Mobile-money accounts have helped deliver "financial inclusion"—making financial services accessible to the tens of millions with a phone but no bank account. But they have downsides too.
    The most obvious way digital financial services harm poor people is by laying them more open to fraud. Research from 2016 cited in a new report by the Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP), a consortium of donors affiliated to the World Bank, found that in the Philippines 83％ of people surveyed had been targets of mobile-phone scams, with 17％ losing money. In Tanzania, 27％ had been targeted and 17％ fleeced; in Ghana, 56％ and 12％.
    For the most basic deceptions, a thief needs only a phone number. A text message might offer congratulations on winning a prize, requiring only a small contribution to unlock it. Your identity might be stolen to make you responsible for repaying a loan disbursed to somebody else. An impersonator might steal your mobile-money account when registering a new SIM card. Or your account’s security code—the pin—might be leaked by a mobile-money agent. The poor may be especially susceptible to such scams. They are more likely to be relatively new both to the online world and to formal financial services. And they are less likely to have smartphones with sophisticated security software.
    It is not just money that can be stolen. So too can all the other data stored on a phone. Often, however, much has already been given away freely by its owners. Many "free" apps are in fact paid for in customer data. In every country people gaily sign away their rights to privacy by clicking consent buttons without having understood or even read what they are agreeing to. But such data can also be abused. An algorithm might (by design or accident) be biased against certain borrowers because, say, of their race or creed.
    It is often assumed that the poor are relaxed about surrendering some privacy in return for access to borrowing and other services. In fact, concern about privacy is not a preserve of the rich. Research in India and Kenya has shown that even very poor borrowers would be willing to pay a higher interest rate—or join a much slower queue—for a loan that came with more guarantees that the data provided to the lender would be kept private.
Which of the following may be the best title of the text?
选项 A、Avoidable Mobile-phone Scams
B、Mobile-phone Thefts—Targeting the Poor
C、Mobile-phone, A Magic Wand
D、The Hidden Cost of Mobile-phone Convenience
答案D
解析 通读全文后，可知文章首先介绍移动货币账户的优势和劣势，分析本质原因和预测未来趋势，围绕着移动货币账户的风险展开的，然后说明了手机数据的泄露和滥用，D项较全面的概括了文章的主旨，即隐藏在便利性背后的诈骗风险和数据滥用，故为正确答案。文中并没有提手机诈骗是否可以避免，选项A排除；文章说手机诈骗的对象是穷人，并非是偷盗手机，B项排除；而C项是文章开头引出用手机引出移动货币账户，是以赞扬的口气去描述的，但不符合文章接下来揭示风险的主体内容，故排除。
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