2. 考研
  3. Visual impairment(视觉障碍)carries with it a reduced or restricted ability to travel through one’s physical and social environment u

Visual impairment(视觉障碍)carries with it a reduced or restricted ability to travel through one’s physical and social environment u

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问题     Visual impairment(视觉障碍)carries with it a reduced or restricted ability to travel through one’s physical and social environment until adequate orientation(定方位)and mobility(移动)skills have been established. Because observational skills are more limited, self-control within the immediate surroundings is limited. The visually impaired person is less able to anticipate hazardous situations or obstacles to avoid.
    Orientation refers to the mental map one has of one’s surrounding and to the relationship between self and that environment. The mental map is best generated by moving through the environment and piecing together relationships, object by object, in an organized approach. With little or no visual feedback to reinforce this mental map, a visually impaired person must rely on memory for key landmarks and other clues. Landmarks and clues enable visually impaired persons to affirm their position in space.
    Mobility, on the other hand, is the ability to travel safely and efficiently from one point to another within one’s physical and social environment. Good orientation skills are necessary to good mobility skills. Once visually impaired students learn to travel safely as pedestrians(f?A)they also need to learn to use public transportation to become as independent as possible.
    To meet the expanding needs and demands of the visually impaired person, there is a sequence of instruction that begins during the preschool years and may continue after high school. Many visually impaired children lack adequate concepts regarding time and space or objects and events in their environment. During the early years much attention is focused on the development of some fundamental concepts, such as inside or outside, in front of or behind, fast or slow movement of traffic, the variety or intersections, elevators or escalators, and so forth. These concepts are essential to safe, efficient travel through familiar and unfamiliar settings, first within buildings, then in residential neighborhoods, and finally in business communities.
What is the author mainly talking about in the passage?
选项 A、Visual impairment and memory.
B、The visually impaired person’s physical and social environment.
C、Mental development of the visually impaired person.
D、Orientation and mobility of the visually impaired person.
答案D
解析 分析全文可知，整篇文章都是围绕视觉障碍者的定位和移动技能展开的。第一段讲到：有视觉障碍的人如果没有这两项技能，他们在自然和社会环境中的行为能力就会有所阻碍；第二段和第三段分别说明了定位能力和移动能力；第四段主要讲的是为培养视觉障碍者定位和移动的技能进行的培训。所以本篇文章的主旨也就是作者主要谈论的问题就是“有视觉障碍者的定位和移动”。因此本题的正确答案为D。
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