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  3. In general, our society is becoming one of grand enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small,

In general, our society is becoming one of grand enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small,

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问题    In general, our society is becoming one of grand enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music and by psychologists and "human-relation" experts; yet all this oiling doesn’t alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he doesn’t whole-heartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue-and white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.
   The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job, they are anxious also because they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.
   Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty
than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race.
   To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again--by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.
   Am I suggesting that we should return to the pre-industrial mode of production or to nineteenth century "free enterprise" capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism to a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities--those of love and of reason--are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.
The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that______.
选项 A、they are likely to lose their jobs
B、they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in life
C、they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existence
D、they are. deprived of their individuality and independence
答案D
解析 推断题。短文第二段说令工人和雇员焦虑的原因是担心失业或得不到满足或对生活的兴趣，但这只是表面原因，真正原因在于工人和雇员失去了自我和独立，故选D。
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