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  3. Read the following article about the negotiation myths and the questions on the opposite page. For each question(13-18), mark on

Read the following article about the negotiation myths and the questions on the opposite page. For each question(13-18), mark on

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问题 Read the following article about the negotiation myths and the questions on the opposite page.
For each question(13-18), mark one letter(A, B, C or D)on your Answer Sheet.
                    Debunking Negotiation Myths
Before developing a more effective negotiation strategy, we need to dispel several faulty assumptions and myths about negotiation. These myths hamper people’s ability to learn effective negotiation skills and in some cases reinforce poor negotiation skills.
A pervasive belief is that good negotiation skills are something that people are born with, not something that can be readily learned. This is false because most excellent negotiators are self-made. In fact, there are very few naturally gifted negotiators. We tend to hear their stories, but we must remember that their stories are selective, meaning that it is always possible for someone to have a lucky day or a fortunate experience. This myth is often perpetuated by the tendency of people to judge negotiation skills by their car-dealership experience. Whereas purchasing a car is certainly an important and common type of negotiation, it is not the best context by which your negotiation skills can be judged. The most important negotiations are those that we engage in every day with our colleagues, supervisors, coworkers and business associates. These relationships provide a much better index of one’s effectiveness in negotiation. In short, effective negotiation requires practice and feedback. The problem is that most of us do not get an opportunity to develop effective negotiation skills in a disciplined fashion, rather, most of us learn by doing. As the second myth reveals, experience is helpful, but not sufficient.
We have ail met that person at the cocktail party or on the airplane who boasts about his or her great negotiation feats and how he or she learned on the job. It is only partly true that experience can improve negotiation skills; in fact, native experience is largely ineffective in improving negotiation skills. There are three strikes against natural experience as an effective teacher. First, if a person does not know how well he or she has performed in the negotiation, it is nearly impossible to improve performance. For example, can you imagine trying to learn mathematics without ever doing homework or taking tests? The second problem is that our memories tend to be selective, meaning that people tend to remember their successes and forget their failures or shortcomings. This is, of course, comforting to our ego, but it does not improve our ability to negotiate. Finally, experience improves our confidence, but not necessarily our accuracy. People with more experience grow more and more confident, but the accuracy of their judgment and the effectiveness of their behaviour do not increase in a commensurate fashion. Overconfidence can be dangerous because it may lead people to take unwise risks.
The third pervasive myth is that effective negotiation necessitates taking risks and gambles. In negotiation , this may mean saying things like " this is my final offer" or "take it or leave it" or using threats and bluffs. This is what we call a "tough" style of negotiation, Although these negotiators are rarely effective, we tend to be impressed by the tough negotiator.
An interesting exercise is to ask mangers and anyone else who negotiates to describe their approach to negotiating. Many seasoned negotiators believe that their negotiation style involves a lot of " gut feeling" , intuition, and "in-the-moment" responses. We believe that this type of intuition does not serve people well. Effective negotiation involves deliberate thought and preparation, and it is quite systematic.
The writer suggests that
选项 A、effective negotiations do not necessarily involve risks.
B、threats are sometimes impressive and effective.
C、people seem to prefer tough styles of negotiation.
D、risks are caused by negotiator’s overconfidence.
答案A
解析 文中第四段：“The third pervasive myth isthat effective negotiation necessitates taking risksand gambles．”意为：“第三种常见的迷惑就是有效的谈到常涉及冒险与赌博，”可推测这种观点是不正确的，选项A符合题意。
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