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  3. When American children are taught about the Civil Rights Era, the focus tends to be on laws like Jim Crow, people like Bull Conn

When American children are taught about the Civil Rights Era, the focus tends to be on laws like Jim Crow, people like Bull Conn

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问题    When American children are taught about the Civil Rights Era, the focus tends to be on laws like Jim Crow, people like Bull Connor and Martin Luther King Jr. , and issues like equality and justice.
   The thinking goes today, to simplify the reasoning on the right and among libertarians, that those times were long ago, the laws are gone, Bull Connor and his ilk are long dead, and we have fairness before the law and everything else is just a matter of applying oneself now.
   But the changes from those times have, in fact, been gradual. There’s nothing to indicate, and certainly no defining moment, when racism ceased to be a problem for blacks and other minorities in America. Coming as far as the nation has in a relatively short amount of time is impressive, given the way racism was ingrained in the American culture, politics, and education. But part of that progress was due to the explicit societal and governmental acknowledgement that laws and society made life very unfair for a segment of the population. We’re getting to a point where that recognition is becoming less and less obvious, and the remnants of centuries of racism linger and continue to affect millions of Americans.
   After all, if equality were simply a matter of codification, Jim Crow never would have happened. The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments should have rectified the legal disparities that affected black Americans, but it took more than a century for Congress to pass legislation to say "No, we really mean it. "
   But then, given the opening lines of the Declaration of Independence—that all men were created equal is a self-evident truth—why were those amendments necessary in the first place? Though the Declaration was never legally binding, its opening lines became the primary and guiding principle of the nation. What gives?
   The answer is simple: American rhetoric and law has been hypocritical since its inception and nowhere has this been more evident than in legal protections and law enforcement for black people.
   Black Americans have, for the entire history of this country, faced a legal system that treats them differently than white citizens. It’s gotten better, sure, but this enduring legal double standard demands closer examination.
Why were those amendments necessary according to the text?
选项 A、Because that all men were created equal is a self-evident truth.
B、Because American rhetoric and law has been hypocritical.
C、Because the Declaration was only legally binding.
D、Because there are some loopholes in the laws.
答案B
解析 事实细节题。文章第五段提出了这几个宪法修正案为什么有必要的问题，第六段给出了回答，即修正案之所以必要是因为宪法的措辞和条款伪善，故答案为[B]项。[A]项是《独立宣言》中的表述，不是修宪的原因，故排除；[C]项与原文第五段第二句相悖，故排除；[D]项在原文中未曾提及，故也排除。
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