首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Drug Use and Addiction Drug Use and Abuse Although drug abuse can have harmful results, people can use it for more than one
Drug Use and Addiction Drug Use and Abuse Although drug abuse can have harmful results, people can use it for more than one
admin
2010-04-30
39
问题
Drug Use and Addiction
Drug Use and Abuse
Although drug abuse can have harmful results, people can use it for more than one of the reasons, and may also use several drugs for different reasons. Distinguishing the "how?" and "why?" of a person’s drug use is rarely an easy task, but most people use a drug because they enjoy the effects. This may seem like a simplistic or insensitive statement, but it’s a fact that’s easily forgotten by the people around the drug user, who are concerned and trying to understand why they’re using drugs.
Worried parents often ask for warning sings of drug use, but the simple answer is that it’s very hard to spot. Many users who have contact with mental health services manage to conceal their use from the professionals, so it’s obviously difficult to identify.
Parents usually know their children better than anyone else, and maintaining an open atmosphere in which communication is kept up is often the best way to find out what’s going on. This is not always easy with teenagers, as they might view the methods parents use to find out if their children are using drugs as intrusive and controlling. And angry confrontations with teenagers might push them further into a cycle of annoyance and refusal to communicate.
The use of chemicals to alter the way we feel and see things in one of the oldest activities of the human race. But a person’s use of a drug such as tobacco, alcohol, cannabis or heroin can become uncontrolled, or start to control them. Even when the use of these drugs leads to serious physical and mental problems, the person may still not want to stop using them. But, if they do decide to give up, they may find it% harder than they thought.
What Are the Symptoms?
There are a lot of confusing different words used to describe drug use and addiction problems. Not every expert will agree with the definitions here, but being consistent with the terms used helps to reduce the confusion and anxiety everyone feels when faced with this problem.
Each drug has different patterns of:
• use;
• poison;
• overdose;
• hangover(残留).
For each different drug, the "substance abuse" can cover different levels of use, including:
• experimenting with use;
• using large amounts without appearing poisoned;
• using large amounts to get poisoned.
Psychological Addiction
The media’s picture of a person giving up drugs usually focuses on the immediate effects of withdrawing from heroin. It’s important to remember that there’s often more to an addiction than the physical withdrawal symptoms. In fact, for some drugs such as cannabis or heroin, there’s a debate about whether there are actually any physical symptoms of withdrawal.
People who use heroin regularly over a long period may find that there are certain situations where they come to rely on the drug. If they stop using the drug, they may feel very disabled. This is a situation that can develop for almost any substance that effects the mind, and this aspect of addiction can be harder to overcome than the physical symptoms.
Mental symptoms can include:
• anxiety;
• depression;
• sleep and rest;
• controlling mood;
• relearning different coping skills.
The pattern of these symptoms will depend on the drug used, the psychological make-up of the person and the circumstances under which they are attempting to remain drug-free.
The term craving is often used when talking about psychological addiction.
If a person is experiencing any of the symptoms listed above and they know that by using the drug all these problem will go away, it’s not surprising that they develop an overwhelming desire to use, and this dominates their thoughts.
Physical Addiction
It’s ironic that through films, such as Trainspotting, quite a lot of people feel that they understand the physical withdrawal from heroin. They rightly see it as an unpleasant and difficult experience — and a good reason not to experiment with it.
The irony is that alcohol has a much worse and more dangerous withdrawal effect. It’s possible, but very rare for someone experiencing heroin withdrawal to need to be admitted to hospital; while someone who is physically addicted to alcohol should not attempt to stop using it without consulting a doctor. Again, as with psychological addiction, the length and severity of withdrawal differs according to the drug, how much has been taken and for haw long.
For most addicts, their problem is a mixture of both physical and psychological aspects. There are some instances when it’s difficult to distinguish between the two. The stimulants cocaine and amphetamine (安非他明) are classic examples of this — people coming down after using the drugs feel very low and lack energy. When they take cocaine, they feel very high and use up lots of energy. Their feelings afterwards could be partly because of feeling tired and adjusting to a normal mood again, but there are other theories that suggest these feelings are because the body is re-establishing its chemical balance.
What Can I Do to Help Myself?
The old saying — admitting you have a problem is half of solving the problem — is very applicable. The next step is to get support. If you’re physically addicted, it may be dangerous to just stop — especially if you’re using alcohol. Even if it isn’t dangerous to just stop, a doctor may be able to prescribe medication to help you through the first phase of withdrawal.
Not all family doctors are happy to help with this problem, so if yours isn’t, it’s probably best to approach your local drug dependence unit (DDU).It’s also vital to get other forms of support and counseling -- see the resources listed below.
Available Help Resources
Families Anonymous
Support for the relatives and friends of people with drug problems.
Tel: 020 7498 4680(Monday to Friday, 1pm to 4.30pm)
Website: www. famanon. org. uk
Alcoholics Anonymous
A self-help group run by recovering alcoholics.
PO Box 1, Stonebow House, Stonebow York YO1 7NJ
Te: 01904 644026
Helpline: 0845 7697 555
Website: www. alcoholics-anonymous, org. uk
The National Drugs Help line
Free help and advice 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
Tel: 0800 776600
Other helpful advice and addresses can be found in the BBC’s online Addictions guide.
All experts are willing to accept the definitions of symptom terms about drug use and addiction problems mentioned in the article.
选项
A、Y
B、N
C、NG
答案
B
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/O2YMFFFM
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
Tobereallyhappyandrealsafe,oneoughttohaveatleasttwoorthreehobbies,andtheymustallbereal.Itisnouse(36)_
A、Itwouldmaketheworkdaylonger.B、Itwouldallowpeopletoworkontheweekend.C、Itwouldmakeleisureactivitiesexpensive
Whateffectdoesjoblessnessandcutsinpublicassistancehaveonchildrenofsingle-parentfamilies?Wecancometothecon
Accordingtothispassage,adiethighinplant-basedfoodsplaysanimportantroleinfightingallkindsofdiseases.Astudy
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledFoodSafetyProblem.Youshouldwriteatleast150wor
A、Itcancausefloodingannually.B、Itcancarrydiseasesthataffectanimals.C、Itcanintroducetoomuchsaltintothesoil.D
Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe______.Theculturalcommunicationproblemsarebecomingespeciallyurgentfor______.
A、England’sproximitytothesea.B、Volcanicashintheatmosphere.C、Floodinginthearea.D、PollutioncausedbytheInternatio
GriffithworkedforafirmthatspecializedineconomicdevelopmentinWashingtonD.C.becausesheneededmoneytopayforherd
A、Foreignproductsandexperts.B、TheinterestofyoungJapanese.C、Best-sellingJapanesetextbooks.D、Themediaandgovernment
随机试题
服用铁剂后可排出黑便的原因是()
与原发Χ线比较,对散射线的描述,错误的是
35岁男性,因咳嗽、发热、头痛、腰痛7天,体温在39~40℃之间。查体:面部潮红,眼球结膜水肿,软腭有网状充血和出血点。化验:血常规白细胞计数12×109/L,中性89%,血小板50×109/L,尿常规除蛋白(+++)外余无异常,医生首先考虑的诊断是(
一个RL=5Ω的负载,经理想变压器接到信号源上,信号源的内阻R0=500Ω,变压器一次绕组的匝数N1=1000,若要通过阻抗匹配使负载得到最大功率,则变压器二次绕组的匝数N2应为()。
铝在()中的耐蚀能力较好。
在直复营销活动中,可进行“信息双向交流”的方面有()。
2011年10月8日,甲提出将其正在使用的轿车赠送给乙,乙欣然接受。10月21日,甲将车交付给乙,但未办理过户登记。交车时,乙向甲询问车况,甲称“一切正常,放心使用”。事实上,该车三天前曾出现刹车失灵,故障原因尚未查明。乙驾车回家途中,刹车再度失灵,车毁人
组团社有(一)入境旅游业绩下降的;(二)因自身原因,在1年内未能正常开展出国旅游业务的;(三)因出国旅游服务质量问题被投诉并经查实的;(四)有逃汇、非法套汇行为的;(五)以旅游名义弄虚作假,骗取护照、签证等出入境证件或者送他人出境的;(六)国务院旅游行政部
【2016天津】不少中学的班主任请学生轮流当班长,使每个学生都有机会参与班级事务及管理,成为班级的主人。这种班级管理模式是()。
已知的值等于__________.
最新回复
(
0
)