首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 28-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below. Space: The
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 28-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below. Space: The
admin
2014-12-30
19
问题
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 28-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.
Space: The Final Archaeological Frontier
Space travel may still have a long way to go, but the notion of archaeological research and heritage management in space is already concerning scientists and environmentalists.
In 1993, University of Hawaii’s anthropologist Ben Finney, who for much of his career has studied the technology once used by Polynesians to colonize islands in the Pacific, suggested that it would not be premature to begin thinking about the archaeology of Russian and American aerospace sites on the Moon and Mars. Finney pointed out that just as today’s scholars use archaeological records to investigate how Polynesians diverged culturally as they explored the Pacific, archaeologists will someday study off-Earth sites to trace the development of humans in space. He realized that it was unlikely anyone would be able to conduct fieldwork in the near future, but he was convinced that one day such work would be done.
There is a growing awareness, however, that it won’t be long before both corporate adventurers and space tourists reach the Moon and Mars. There is a wealth of important archaeological sites from the history of space exploration on the Moon and Mars and measures need to be taken to protect these sites. In addition to the threat from profit-seeking corporations, scholars cite other potentially destructive forces such as souvenir hunting and unmonitored scientific sampling, as has already occurred in explorations of remote polar regions. Already in 1999 one company was proposing a robotic lunar rover mission beginning at the site of Tranquility Base and rumbling across the Moon from one archaeological site to another, from the wreck of the Ranger 8 probe to Apollo 17’s landing site. The mission, which would leave vehicle tyre-marks all over some of the most famous sites on the Moon, was promoted as a form of theme-park entertainment.
According to the vaguely worded United Nations Outer Space Treaty of 1967, what it terms ’space junk’ remains the property of the country that sent the craft or probe into space. But the treaty doesn’t explicitly address protection of sites like Tranquility Base, and equating the remains of human exploration of the heavens with ’space junk’ leaves them vulnerable to scavengers. Another problem arises through other international treaties proclaiming that land in space cannot be owned
by any country or individual. This presents some interesting dilemmas for the aspiring manager of extraterrestrial cultural resources. Does the US own Neil Armstrong’s famous first footprints on the Moon but not the lunar dust in which they were recorded? Surely those footprints are as important in the story of human development as those left by hominids at Laetoli, Tanzania. But unlike the Laetoli prints, which have survived for 3.5 million years encased in cement-like ash, those at Tranquility Base could be swept away with a casual brush of a space tourist’s hand. To deal with problems like these, it may be time to look to innovative international administrative structures for the preservation of historic remains on the new frontier.
The Moon, with its wealth of sites, will surely be the first destination of archaeologists trained to work in space. But any young scholars hoping to claim the mantle of history’s first lunar archaeologist will be disappointed. That distinction is already taken.
On November 19,1969, astronauts Charles Conrad and Alan Bean made a difficult manual landing of the Apollo 12 lunar module in the Moon’s Ocean of Storms, just a few hundred feet from an unmanned probe, Surveyor 3, that had landed in a crater on April 19, 1967. Unrecognized at the time, this was an important moment in the history of science. Bean and Conrad were about to conduct the first archaeological studies on the Moon.
After the obligatory planting of the American flag and some geological sampling, Conrad and Bean made their way to Surveyor 3. They observed that the probe had bounced after touchdown and carefully photographed the impressions made by its footpads. The whole spacecraft was covered in dust, perhaps kicked up by the landing.
The astronaut-archaeologists carefully removed the probe’s television camera, remote sampling arm, and pieces of tubing. They bagged and labelled these artefacts, and stowed them on board their lunar module. On their return to Earth, they passed them on to the Daveson Space Centre in Houston, Texas, and the Hughes Air and Space Corporation in El Segundo, California. There, scientists analyzed the changes in these aerospace artefacts.
One result of the analysis astonished them. A fragment of the television camera revealed evidence of the bacteria Streptococcus mitis. For a moment it was thought Conrad and Bean had discovered evidence for life on the Moon, but after further research the real explanation became apparent. While the camera was being installed in the probe prior to the launch, someone sneezed on it. The resulting bacteria had travelled to the Moon, remained in an alternating freezing/boiling vacuum
for more than two years, and returned promptly to life upon reaching the safety of a laboratory back on Earth.
The finding that not even the vastness of space can stop humans from spreading a sore throat was an unexpected spin-off. But the artefacts brought back by Bean and Conrad have a broader significance. Simple as they may seem, they provide the first example of extraterrestrial archaeology and — perhaps more significant for the history of the discipline — formational archaeology, the study of environmental and cultural forces upon the life history of human artefacts in space.
Questions 28-33
Complete each sentence with the correct ending A-H from the box below.
Write the correct letter A-H in boxes 28-33 on your answer sheet.
A activities of tourists and scientists have harmed the environment.
B some sites in space could be important in the history of space exploration.
C vehicles used for tourism have polluted the environment.
D it may be unclear who has responsibility for historic human footprints.
E past explorers used technology in order to find new places to live.
F man-made objects left in space are regarded as rubbish.
G astronauts may need to work more closely with archaeologists.
H important sites on the Moon may be under threat.
Ben Finney’s main academic work investigates the way that
选项
答案
E
解析
Paragraph 1: ... the technology once used by Polynesians to colonize islands in the Pacific...
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/NdEYFFFM
本试题收录于:
雅思阅读题库雅思(IELTS)分类
0
雅思阅读
雅思(IELTS)
相关试题推荐
Thus,global-warmingskepticswriteoffthe______ofclimateresearchinvestigators,emphasizingthe______ofothers’reasonin
AlthoughmostpeoplewhoacquireWestNilehaveno______andthosewhodonormallysufferlittlemorethanflu-likeillness,it
A、informthereaderofthepotentialcauseofcertainchangesinrainforestcompositionB、suggestthatforagersmayhavedevelo
Thevireo’scomebackmayprovethathabitatalongstreamsinSouthernCaliforniaisrecoveringfromtheeffectsofpollution,___
Theword"civilization"wasjustcomingintouseinthe18thcentury,inFrenchandinEnglish,whenconservativemenofletters
Mistierbecametheagency’s______,andhecontinuedassuchnotbecauseofhislargenumberofsharesinthecompanybutbecause
Inthenineteenthcentury,scientistsshowedthatmanyfamiliarsubstancessuchasoxygenandcarbonhadasmallestrecognizable
BeforeGibson,populardiscoursesurroundingtheInformationAgeoftendepictedthecurrenteraasoneinwhichadvanced
Theprimaryimpulseofeachhumanbeingisto______himself,butthesecondaryimpulseistoventureoutoftheself,tocorrect
Adamswasso______thathisfriendsdidnotbotherto______him,becausetheypresupposedthathewouldpayscantattention.
随机试题
甲公司向乙银行借款100万元,年利率为5%,期限为3年,但期限届满后,乙银行未向甲公司收取借款,又过了2年才收取,则甲公司应当支付给乙银行的利息数额为()。
There’sthebell,someoneisatthedoor.
患者,男,37岁,因胃出血后汗出不止,呼吸短促,神疲乏力,精神萎靡,脉微欲绝。用药宜首选
甲公司员工唐某受公司委托从乙公司订购一批空气净化机,甲公司对净化机单价未作明确限定。唐某与乙公司私下商定将净化机单价比正常售价提高200元,乙公司给唐某每台100元的回扣。商定后,唐某以甲公司名义与乙公司签订了买卖合同。对此,下列哪一选项是正确的?(201
在网络计划中,工作的最早开始时间应为其所有紧前工作( )。
案卷封面标注的保管期限分为永久、长期、短期三种期限。永久是指工程档案需永久保存。长期是指工程档案的保存期限等于该工程的使用寿命。短期是指工程档案保存()年以下。
引水式水电站用于平稳由于水电站负荷变化在引水或尾水建筑物中造成流量及压力变化的建筑物是()。
从所给的四个选项中,选择一个最合适的填入问号处,使之呈现一定的规律性:
Spaceisadangerousplace,notonlybecauseofmeteors(流星)butalso(1)_____raysfromthesunandotherstars.Theatmosphere
WhyDIY?ThereasonswhypeopleengageinDIYhavealwaysbeennumerousandcomplex.Forsome,DIYhasprovidedarareoppor
最新回复
(
0
)