2. 考研
  3. Interpreting is today widely known from its use in international political life. When senior ministers from different language b

Interpreting is today widely known from its use in international political life. When senior ministers from different language b

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问题     Interpreting is today widely known from its use in international political life. When senior ministers from different language backgrounds meet, the television record invariably shows a pair of interpreters hovering in the background. At major conferences, such as the UN General Assembly, the presence of headphones is a clear indication that a major linguistic exercise is taking place.【R1】________. Often, the business of law courts, hospitals, local health clinics, classrooms, or industrial tribunals cannot be carried on without the presence of an interpreter.【R2】________.
    Doubtless the recency of developments in the field partly explains this neglect. One procedure, known as consecutive interpreting, is very old—and presumably dates from the Tower of Babel! Here, the interpreter translates after the speaker has finished speaking (either in short bursts, or at the very end of a discourse).【R3】________. In larger and more formal settings, however, it has been generally replaced by simultaneous interpreting—a recent development that arose from the availability of modern audiological equipment and the advent of increased international interaction following the Second World War.
    Of the two procedures, it is the second that has attracted most interest, because of the complexity of the task and the remarkable skills required. In no other context of human communication is anyone routinely required to listen and speak at the same time, preserving an exact semantic correspondence between the two modes.【R4】________. This "ear-voice span" is usually about 2 or 3 seconds, but it may be as much as 10 seconds or so, if the text is complex. The brain has to remember what has just been said, attend to what is currently being said, and anticipate the construction of what is about to be said.
    How it is all done is not at all clear. That it is done at all is a source of some wonder, given the often lengthy periods of interpreting required, the confined environment of an interpreting booth, the presence of background noise, and the awareness that major decisions may depend upon the accuracy of the work. Research projects have now begun to look at these factors and come up with important findings.【R5】________. There is urgent need to expand what has so far been one of the most neglected fields of communication research.
    [A] This approach is widely practiced in informal situations, as well as in committees and small conferences.
    [B] What is needed is a more detailed identification of the problem areas, and of the strategies speakers, listeners, and interpreters use to solve them.
    [C] Moreover, there is invariably a delay of a few words between the stimulus and the response, because of the time it takes to assimilate what is being said in the source language and to translate it into an acceptable form in the targe language.
    [D] Given the importance and frequency of this task, therefore, it is remarkable that so little study has been made of what actually happens when interpreting takes place, and of how successful an exercise it is.
    [E] In everyday circumstances, too, interpreters are frequently needed, especially in cosmopolitan societies formed by new generations of immigrants and Gastarbeiter.
【R1】
选项
答案E
解析 第一段主要介绍了许多情况下都需要口译员。前一句提到，At major conferences(重要的会议)中需要口译员，比如联合国大会。后一句提到，法院、医院、当地诊所、教室或者劳资法庭等没有译员在场也不能开展活动。这些都是日常的情况。由此可知，本问与口译的应用情况有关，E项提到了日常也需要口译员的情况，In everyday circumstances与空前一句的At major conferences相对应，且能衔接空后的内容，故答案为E项。
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