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  3. Certain urban problems are common to both developed and developing countries, for example, poor housing, unemployment, traffic

Certain urban problems are common to both developed and developing countries, for example, poor housing, unemployment, traffic

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问题    Certain urban problems are common to both developed and developing countries, for example, poor housing,  unemployment,  traffic jams and pollution.  But there are problems which are peculiar to developing countries and this is due to the need of these countries to provide a basic structure necessary for industrialization.  The provision of this structure is the urbanization process itself.
   There are five main consequences of this uncontrolled urbanization: firstly, people move from the country to the city because they see the city as a more desirable place’ to live.  Secondly, rural areas thus become less populated and this causes a decrease in the production of food. Thirdly, there is a high urban population growth rate.  Fourthly, there is a dramatic pressure on the supply of social services, especially those services related to education and health, and finally, uncontrolled urbanization leads to an excess of labor supply in the cities.
   There are a few policies which could slow this kind of uncontrolled urbanization in developing countries.  A more equal land distribution should be promoted. In this way farmers would be more motivated to stay on the land. Also, the supply of social services in the rural areas has to be improved, particularly in the field of health and education. Most importantly, it is necessary to give financial assistance to agriculture, especially to the small land owners.
   The main problem discussed in the passage:  (46)  .
   The consequence of fewer people in the countryside: a reduction in the   (47)  .
      Possible solutions to the problem:
     ① to carry out  (48)  .
     ② to provide    (49)  .
     ③ to offer      (50)  .
选项
答案uncontrolled urbanization
解析 水题为主旨归纳题，第一段引出发展中国家的城市化问题，第二段围绕着无序城市化所带来的主要后果展开，第三段讲了针对无序城市化可以采取的措施。由此可知本文论述的主要问题是无序城市化问题。
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