2. 考研
  3. [A] We don’t make a commitment. [B] We get trapped by thinking fallacies. [C] We’re motivated by negative emotions. [D] We try t

[A] We don’t make a commitment. [B] We get trapped by thinking fallacies. [C] We’re motivated by negative emotions. [D] We try t

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问题 [A] We don’t make a commitment.
[B] We get trapped by thinking fallacies.
[C] We’re motivated by negative emotions.
[D] We try to change too much.
[E] We try to eat the entire elephant.
[F] We neglect the toolbox.
[G] We forget that failure is usually a given.
    Changing our behavior is a self-engineering challenge with few equals. Whether the change involves diet, exercise, habits, dependencies or anything else, changing behavior is one of the hardest things any of us will ever try to do. This is a well-researched area and quite a lot is known about why sustained change is tremendously difficult. Here are five of the biggest reasons.
【B1】______
    While it’s understandable to think that strongly felt negative emotions like regret, shame, fear and guilt should be able to catalyze lasting behavior change, the opposite is true. Negative emotion may trigger us to think about everything we’re not doing, or feel like we’re doing wrong, but it’s horrible fuel for making changes that stick. One review of 129 behavior change studies found that the consistently least effective change strategies hinged on fear and regret. As much as this sounds like a platitude, real change needs a positive platform to launch from; we need positive, self-edifying reasons for taking on the challenge.
【B2】______
    Feeling overwhelmed by trying to change a behavior—any behavior—tends to foster all-or-nothing thinking. "I’m going to charge in and change, and if I fail that means I just can’t do it." If you’re up on your cognitive biases and distortions, you know that all-or-nothing thinking is a big one. It straps us into a no-win situation, because your odds of sustaining even the most impressive jolt of momentum to change any behavior just aren’t very good. If we really want to change, one of the first things we have to do is take all-or-nothing off the table, and purge a few other thinking errors while we’re at it.
【B3】______
    Behavior change is a big thing, no matter the behavior, and it’s almost never possible to take all of it on all at once. We have to start somewhere with particular, measurable actions. Big and vague has to give way to small and specific. Rather than "I’m going to start exercising," it’s "I’m going to start walking tonight after work for 30 minutes down Edgemont Road." Each specific action is one forkful of behavior change, and a set of those actions engaged over time results in cumulative change. And accompanying those cumulative actions, we need specific goals, which behavior change research suggests are essential to success because we need performance targets to measure ourselves against. And those, too, should be realistic and specific.
【B4】______
    If you can commit to changing one behavior long-term, and really make it stick, that’s commendable change. But trying to take on multiple behaviors at once is a surefire way to send all of them into a ditch. The resources we rely on to make change happen are limited: attention, self-control, motivation, etc. Trying to change too much places unrealistic demands on those resources and dooms the efforts early on. We forget that the other areas of our lives keep spinning and also require those resources, so even just one additional behavior-change commitment is a big deal.
【B5】______
    Finally, but perhaps most importantly, what the best of behavior change research tells us is that if we haven’t made a commitment to accomplish whatever we want to accomplish, it won’t happen. We need a "commitment device" that firmly establishes what we’re going to do and how we’re going to do it. Everything else starts there.
【B3】
选项
答案E
解析 本段开头指出，改变行为是一件大事，想要一下子完全改变是几乎永远不可能成功的。我们必须从具体、可量化的行动起步，远离大而模糊的，专注于小而明确的。因此，不能一口吃个胖子，要循序渐进，故本题选E项。
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