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  3. Over the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal—or at least many parts of it have. In some ways, however, very

Over the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal—or at least many parts of it have. In some ways, however, very

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问题     Over the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal—or at least many parts of it have. In some ways, however, very little has changed, particularly where attitudes are concerned. Ideas about social class—whether a person is "working-class" or "middle-class"—are one area in which changes have been extremely slow.
    In the past, the working-class tended to be paid less than middle-class people, such as teachers and doctors. As a result of this and also of the fact that workers’ jobs were generally much less secure, distinct differences in life styles and attitudes came into existence. The typical working man would collect his wages on Friday evening and then, it was widely believed, having given his wife her "housekeeping", would go out and squander the rest on beer and betting.
    The stereotype of what a middle-class man did with his money was perhaps nearer the truth. He was—and still is—inclined to take a longer-term view. Not only did he regard buying a house as a top priority, but he also considered the education of his children as extremely important. Both of these provided him and his family with security. Only in very few cases did workers have the opportunity (or the education and training) to make such long-term plans.
    Nowadays, a great deal has changed. In a large number of cases factory workers earn as much, if not more, than their middle-class supervisors. Social security and laws to improve job-security, combined with a general rise in the standard of living since the mid-fifties of the 20th century, have made it less necessary than before to worry about "tomorrow". Working-class people seem slowly to be losing the feeling of inferiority they had in the past. In fact there has been a growing tendency in the past few years for the middle-classes to feel slightly ashamed of their position.
    The changes in both life styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen amongst younger people. They generally tend to share very similar tastes in music and clothes, they spend their money in having a good time, and save for holidays or longer-term plans when necessary. There seems to be much less difference than in previous generations. Nevertheless, we still have a wide gap between the well-paid (whatever the type of job they may have) and the low-paid. As long as this gap exists, there will always be a possibility that new conflicts and jealousies will emerge, or rather that the old conflicts will reappear, but between different groups.
What are the causes of class differences in the past?
选项 A、Life style and occupation.
B、Attitude and income.
C、Income and job security.
D、Job securities and hobbies.
答案C
解析 本题关键词是class differences和past，问题是：过去造成阶级差异的原因是什么?可以定位到原文第二段。根据第二段第一句和第二句，过去，lT人阶级的收入往往低于中产阶级……由于这种现象，以及工人的工作通常缺乏保障的事实，人们在生活方式和生活态度上产生了明显的差异。由此可知，收入(income)和工作保障(job security)是造成两个阶级差异的主要原因，因此选项C“收入和工作保障”与原文含义相同，是正确选项。选项A和B属于答非所问，因为原文第二段第二句说，……人们在生活方式(lire style)和生活态度(attitudes)上产生了明显的差异 (distinct differences)。由此可知，选项A中的“生活方式(life style)”和选项B中的“生活态度(attitude)”是差异本身而非差异产生的原因。选项D属于无中生有，文中并未提及与“爱好 (hobbies)”相关的内容。第一段：英国的阶级观念变化缓慢。第二段：工人阶级对金钱的使用。
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