2. 医学
  3. Please read the following article in Chinese carefully, and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Ma

Please read the following article in Chinese carefully, and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Ma

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问题 Please read the following article in Chinese carefully, and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that you cover all the major points of the article.
    糖尿病的常规筛检通常是护士的责任。
    视网膜病筛检：眼底镜或视网膜镜检查，扩张瞳孔。护士的作用是解释操作时会发生的情况与检查结果的意义。护士还可以检查视敏度。有的病人可能需要进行激光凝固，因此，护士应能提供信息，安慰病人。
    护士应向病人提出足部卫生建议，提供合适的鞋子。当病人双足无感觉，外周血管病引起循环障碍时，神经病变危险就大幅增加。就要建议这些病人不要依赖足部感觉，而应每天检查双脚，看有无损伤，并在发生问题时立即寻求帮助。如视力不良，则需要由他人帮助进行。在地板上放一面镜子也有助于自我检查。
    神经病变可通过检查足动脉搏动(足背和胫骨后)进行评估。如摸不到搏动，就应安排血管评估和治疗。手提式多普勒仪器有助于发现是否存在外周血管供应不足。足动脉搏动减少或无法扪及的，就说明其双脚已有危险，应加倍小心保护双脚。这可能意味着要寻求足医的护理，选用合适的填有鞋垫的鞋子，每天检查双脚，并对发现的任何异常采取措施。
    营养建议：对任何人而言，通常的健康饮食建议是：至少每天五片水果和蔬菜；减少酒精，女士一天少于三个单位，男子少于四个单位；限盐；如患者体胖，应限制热量摄入，少吃盐，少吃脂肪，但可按适当比例增加单饱和和多不饱和脂肪。如胆固醇高于指标，应安排全科医生用抑制素进行治疗。
    当进行糖尿病筛检及糖尿病门诊时，护士要知道精神和社会因素对病人对自身糖尿病的看法和如何改变生活方式有很大影响。
    糖尿病人应是一个积极的决策者，护士则是资料、指导和支持的提供者。护士对风险进行评估，就可以在适当的时候采取适当的措施。而且，护士应将每次的年度复查或筛查视为发现病人掌握何种信息、弥补欠缺的好机会。探索为什么病人会觉得自己无法改变自己的生活方式，无法了解建议的治疗，这有助于护士向这类病人提供他们愿意接受的行动建议。
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答案 Routine screening for diabetic complications is often the nurse’s responsibility. The nurse’s role is to explain what will happen during the procedure of screening for retinopathy and what the findings mean. The nurse may also measure visual acuity and can offer information and reassurance. Advice about foot hygiene and the wearing of sensible shoes should be offered to patients by the nurses. As for anybody, the healthy eating is to have at least five pieces of fruit and vegetables a day; to restrict alcohol to fewer than three units a day for women or four units a day for men, and to limit salt intake. The role of the nurse in this case is to provide information, direction and support Nurses need to be aware that psychological and social issues will have a bearing on how patients view their diabetes and whether they are likely to make lifestyle changes. The role of the patient with diabetes is as an active decision-maker and the role of the nurse in this case is to provide information, direction and support. The nurse will be assessing risk, so that appropriate interventions can be made at appropriate times.
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