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  3. If by "suburb" is meant an urban margin that grows more rapidly than it already developed interior, the process of suburbanizati

If by "suburb" is meant an urban margin that grows more rapidly than it already developed interior, the process of suburbanizati

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问题     If by "suburb" is meant an urban margin that grows more rapidly
than it already developed interior, the process of suburbanization began 【M1】______
during the emergence of the industrial city in second quarter of 【M2】______
the nineteenth century. Before that period the city was a small highly
compact cluster which people moved about on foot and goods were  【M3】______
conveyed by horse and cart. But the early factories built in the 1840’s
were locating along waterways and near railheads at the edges of cities, 【M4】______
and housing was needed for the thousands of people drawn by the prospect
of employment. In time, the factories were surrounded by proliferating
mill towns of apartments and row houses that abutted the older, main cities.
As a defense against this encroachment and to reduce their tax bases, 【M5】______
the cities appropriated their industrial neighbor. In 1854, for example, 【M6】______
the city of Philadelphia annexed most of Philadelphia County. Similar
municipal maneuvers took place in Chicago and in New York.
Indeed, most great cities of the United States achieve such status   【M7】______
only by incorporating the communities along their borders.
  With the accelerate of industrial growth came acute urban 【M8】______
crowding and accompanying social stress -- conditions that began to approach
disastrous proportions when, in 1888, the first commercially successful electric
traction line was developed. Within a few years the horse-drawn trolleys
retired and electric streetcar networks crisscrossed and connected   【M9】______
every major urban area, fostering a wave of suburbanization that transformed
the compact industrial city into a dispersed metropolis. This first phase
of mass-scale suburbanization was reinforced by the simultaneous emergence
of the urban Middle Class, whose desires for homeownership in neighborhoods
far from the aging outer city were satisfied by the developers of single-family  【M10】______
housing tracts.
【M9】
选项
答案在retired前增加were
解析 句法错误，语态问题。也可以认为是词法错误之及物、不及物动词混淆。retire作不及物动词用时意为“退休”，作及物动词用时才有“报废，停止使用”的意思。此处显然是说停止使用马车，所以要将retire当及物动词来用，使用它的被动语态，所以前面要加上系动词。
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