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  3. 　　Dreaming is not simply a by-product of the sleep stage from which it emerges, called REM sleep. Instead, REM-sleep dreaming se

　　Dreaming is not simply a by-product of the sleep stage from which it emerges, called REM sleep. Instead, REM-sleep dreaming se

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问题 　　Dreaming is not simply a by-product of the sleep stage from which it emerges, called REM sleep. Instead, REM-sleep dreaming serves important benefits. Recent work in my neuroscience lab, and work of other scientists, has shown that dreams serve at least two key functions.
　　First is emotional first aid. It’s said that time heals all wounds, but our research suggests that instead, it is time spent in dream sleep that provides emotional convalescence. Dreaming is the only time when our brain is completely devoid of the stress-related molecule called noradrenaline. At the same time, key emotional- and memory-related structures of the brain are reactivated during REM sleep as we dream. During the act of dreaming, we are therefore able to reactivate emotional memories in a brain that’s free of this key stress chemical. As a result, we get the chance to reprocess upsetting memories in a safer, calmer environment.
　　To demonstrate this, we recently took a group of healthy adults and divided them into two groups. Both groups watched a series of emotion-inducing images inside an MRI scanner and we took snapshots of their brain activity. Twelve hours later, they came back and were shown the same emotional pictures. However, for half the participants, the 12-hour delay occurred across the same day. For the other half, that 12-hour delay took place across the night, and therefore included a full eight hours of sleep. Those who slept between the two sessions rated the images as far less emotional the next day. This was backed up by their MRI scans, with the emotional brain centers that create painful feelings showing a significant reduction in reactivity the following day. The reason was due to a re-engagement of the more rational frontal cortex of the brain, helping dampen down these deep emotional centers. In contrast, those who remained awake across the day showed no such calming of emotional feelings or associated brain activity.
　　The second benefit of REM dreaming is creativity. Consider my fellow Liverpudlian, Paul McCartney. His hit songs Yesterday and Let It Be both came to him by way of REM-inspired creativity. We can even turn to profound scientific discoveries like the construction of the periodic table, which came to Dmitri Mendeleev during a dream.
　　How does sleep do this? We now know that during the dreaming state, your brain interconnects vast swathes of acquired knowledge. Dreaming then extracts overarching rules and commonalities. You wake up the next day with a revised mind-wide-web of associations, allowing you to establish solutions to previously impenetrable problems. Dreaming is a form of informational alchemy.
The word "impenetrable"  (Line 4, Para. 5) is closest in meaning to_________.
选项 A、unresolved
B、unreasonable
C、outdated
D、mediocre
答案A
解析 词义题。根据题干可定位至第五段第四句。由第二句“during the dreaming state，your brain interconnects vast swathes of acquired knowledge”“在做梦的状态下，你的大脑将大量获得的知识连接起来”，以及第三句Dreaming then extracts overarching rules and commonalities“梦提取出首要的规则和共性”可知通过睡眠的方式，我们的联想网络得以修正，更具有创造性，因此可以解决之前无法解决的问题，故选项A正确。
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