2. 外语
  3. Poverty exists because our society is an unequal one ,and there are extremely strong and powerful political pressures to keep i

Poverty exists because our society is an unequal one ,and there are extremely strong and powerful political pressures to keep i

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问题    Poverty exists because our society is an unequal one ,and there are extremely strong and powerful political  pressures to keep it that way. Any attempt to redistribute wealth and income in the United States will inevitably be opposed by powerful middle and upper class interests. People can be relatively rich only if others are relatively poor, and since power is concentrated in the hands of the rich, public policies will continue to reflect their interests rather than those of the poor.
   As Herbert Gans (1973) has pointed out, poverty is actually functional from the point of view of the non-poor. Poverty ensures that" dirty" work gets done. If there were, no poor people to scrub floors and empty waste, these jobs would have to be rewarded with high incomes before anyone would touch them. Poverty creates jobs for many of the non-poor, such as police officers, welfare workers, pawnbrokers, and government bureaucrats. Poverty makes life easier for the rich by providing them with cooks, gardeners, and other workers  to perform basic chores while their employers enjoy more, pleasurable activities. Poverty provides a market for inferior goods and services, such as day-old bread, run-down automobiles, or the advice of incompetent physicians and lawyers. Poverty makes middle-class values seem acceptable. To the middle class, the fate of the poor — who are supposed to lack the virtues of thrift, honesty, and a taste for hard work — only confirms the desirability of qualities the poor are thought to lack. Poverty also provides a group that can be made to absorb the costs of change. For example, the poor suffer the main part or force of unemployment caused by automaton, and it is their homes, not those of the wealthy, that are demolished when a route has to be found for a new highway. There is no intentional, conscious "secret plan" of the wealthy to keep the poor in poverty. It is just that poverty is an inevitable outcome of the American economic system; which the poor are politically powerless to influence change.
Poverty exists in American society because______.
选项 A、the wealthy find it hard to change it
B、the great majority of the non-poor are totally not concerned about it
C、the rich think they are powerless to do anything about it
D、the poor lack such desirable qualities as honesty
答案B
解析 由题干poverty exists定位到第一段可知之所以存在贫困，是因为美国社会是一个不公平的社会，富人们利用手中的政治权力维持着这种状态，是富人们对穷人生存状况的不关心，因此选[B]绝大多数富人对贫穷漠然视之。富人们不可能去主动改变穷人的贫穷状况，因此排除[A]、[C]；穷人缺乏像诚实这样的优秀品质，这是富人们维护其既得经济利益诬蔑穷人的借口，故排除[D]。
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