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  3. When U. S. News started the college and university rankings 25 years ago, no one imagined that these lists would become what som

When U. S. News started the college and university rankings 25 years ago, no one imagined that these lists would become what som

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问题     When U. S. News started the college and university rankings 25 years ago, no one imagined that these lists would become what some consider to be the 800-pound gorilla of American higher education, important enough to be the subject of doctoral dissertations, academic papers and conferences, endless debate, and constant media coverage. What began with little fanfare" has spawned imitation college rankings in at least 21 countries or regions, including Canada, China, Britain, Germany, Poland, Russia, Spain, and Taiwan.
    Today, it’s hard to imagine there ever was a void of information to help people make direct comparisons between colleges, but such was the case in 1983 when we first ventured into the field. The editors back then, led by Marvin L. Stone, thought the project was worth attempting because a college education is one of the most important — and most costly — investments that people ever make. So the magazine designed a survey and sent it out to 1, 308 college presidents to get their opinions of which schools offered the best education. The winners: Stanford (National Universities) and Amherst (National Liberal Arts Colleges).
    That academic-reputation-only method was repeated in 1985 and 1987. In 1988, we started to use statistical data as part of the ranking methodology, evaluating those numbers along with the results of the survey. In 1997, in another pioneering step, the America’s Best Colleges rankings made the leap online at usnews. com. The online version, viewed by millions, has substantially more information and extended rankings than there is room for in the magazine.
    Of course, we’ve changed the ranking formula over the years to reflect changes in the world of higher education. In general, the biggest shift has been the move toward evaluating colleges less by the quality of the students they attract (inputs) and more by the success the school has in graduating those students (outputs). We operate under the guiding principle that the methodology should be altered only if the change will better help our readers compare schools as they’re making decisions about where to apply and enroll.
    Based on the success of the college rankings, we decided to expand the process to other levels of education. The America’s Best Graduate Schools rankings debuted in 1990 with annual listings of medical, engineering, law, business, and education schools.
    Our newest education ranking is America’s Best High Schools, first published in the fall of 2007. It identified the 100 best public schools out of more than 18,000 across the nation. Just as when we embarked on college rankings, setting up the process wasn’t easy, but it’s already proved to have enormous weight with our readers.
After the birth of the college and university rankings,
选项 A、most of the people foresaw their importance in the future.
B、they changed into a heavy burden of American higher education.
C、they became one of the subjects in academic fields.
D、only a few countries imitated the college rankings.
答案C
解析 事实细节题。由第一段第一句中的…no one imagined that these lists would become…可知，当时没有人预料到大学排名会变得很重要，排除[A]；同样在该句中，the 800-pound gorilla(800磅重的大猩猩)是一种比喻的说法，喻指地位的重要，因此[B]“变成了美国高等教育的沉重负担”是对原文的错误理解；再由后面的…important enough to be the subject of…可知，[C]与原文表述一致，为本题答案。首段尾句说，效仿的国家至少有21个，故[D]错误。
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